Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse

An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly inf...

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Autores principales:	Shaoqing Cui, Lin Cao, Nuris Acosta, Heping Zhu, Peter P. Ling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electronic nose system sensors array whitefly infestation tomato plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e2021-11-25T17:13:29ZDevelopment of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse10.3390/chemosensors91102972227-9040https://doaj.org/article/f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/297https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9040An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly infestation, mechanical damage, and no treatment) were successfully determined by the developed E-nose system. A rapid sensor response with high sensitivity towards whitefly-infested tomato plants was observed in the E-nose system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that the E-nose system was able to provide accurate distinguishment between whitefly-infested plants and healthy plants, with the first three principal components (PCs) accounting for 87.4% of the classification. To reveal the mechanism of whitefly infestation in tomato plants, VOC profiles of whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants were investigated by using the E-nose system and GC-MS. VOCs of 2-nonanol, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, and n-hexadecanoic acid were only detected in whitefly-infested plants, while compounds of dodecane and 4,6-dimethyl were only found in mechanically damaged plant samples. Those unique VOC profiles of different tomato plant groups could be considered as bio-markers for diagnosing different damages. Moreover, the E-nose system was demonstrated to have the capability to differentiate whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants. The relationship between sensor performance and VOC profiles confirmed that the developed E-nose system could be used as a fast and smart device to detect whitefly infestation in greenhouse cultivation.Shaoqing CuiLin CaoNuris AcostaHeping ZhuPeter P. LingMDPI AGarticleelectronic nose systemsensors arraywhitefly infestationtomato plantvolatile organic compounds (VOCs)BiochemistryQD415-436ENChemosensors, Vol 9, Iss 297, p 297 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electronic nose system sensors array whitefly infestation tomato plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	electronic nose system sensors array whitefly infestation tomato plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Biochemistry QD415-436 Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
description	An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly infestation, mechanical damage, and no treatment) were successfully determined by the developed E-nose system. A rapid sensor response with high sensitivity towards whitefly-infested tomato plants was observed in the E-nose system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that the E-nose system was able to provide accurate distinguishment between whitefly-infested plants and healthy plants, with the first three principal components (PCs) accounting for 87.4% of the classification. To reveal the mechanism of whitefly infestation in tomato plants, VOC profiles of whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants were investigated by using the E-nose system and GC-MS. VOCs of 2-nonanol, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, and n-hexadecanoic acid were only detected in whitefly-infested plants, while compounds of dodecane and 4,6-dimethyl were only found in mechanically damaged plant samples. Those unique VOC profiles of different tomato plant groups could be considered as bio-markers for diagnosing different damages. Moreover, the E-nose system was demonstrated to have the capability to differentiate whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants. The relationship between sensor performance and VOC profiles confirmed that the developed E-nose system could be used as a fast and smart device to detect whitefly infestation in greenhouse cultivation.
format	article
author	Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling
author_facet	Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling
author_sort	Shaoqing Cui
title	Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
title_short	Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
title_full	Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
title_fullStr	Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
title_full_unstemmed	Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
title_sort	development of portable e-nose system for fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plant in greenhouse
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e
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Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse

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