Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana

Donkeys provide important resources and benefits for millions of people worldwide. However, global donkey populations are under increasing pressure from the growing demand for a traditional Chinese medicine, e’jiao, made from donkey-skin. The objective of this reflexive, qualitative thematic analysi...

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Autores principales:	Heather C. Maggs, Andrew Ainslie, Richard M. Bennett
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	income generation gender children donkey hire human-animal interaction Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f8f030b7135f47e180a9fe90f3bf440a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f8f030b7135f47e180a9fe90f3bf440a2021-11-25T16:17:14ZDonkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana10.3390/ani111131542076-2615https://doaj.org/article/f8f030b7135f47e180a9fe90f3bf440a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3154https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Donkeys provide important resources and benefits for millions of people worldwide. However, global donkey populations are under increasing pressure from the growing demand for a traditional Chinese medicine, e’jiao, made from donkey-skin. The objective of this reflexive, qualitative thematic analysis was to examine the role of donkeys with 262 participants in northern Ghana and how donkeys contribute to livelihood outcomes, especially their use by women and children. Data were collected from four surveys, 12 in-depth interviews and 84 daily time budgets with the same participants, plus 16 focus groups, during one wet and one dry season across 2018-19. Uniquely, boys and girls between the ages of 10–16-years old were interviewed. Donkeys are highly valued by their owners as they play a valuable role in providing a pathway out of ultra-poverty. Donkeys’ contributions to livelihoods are significant and more complex than previously understood and documented in the literature. Donkey ownership confers up to six different income benefits in comparison to non-donkey owners. Female owners of donkeys reported that donkeys can contribute between 30–60% of their income. Children of both sexes can play an important role in the efficient deployment of one of these income generating activities.Heather C. MaggsAndrew AinslieRichard M. BennettMDPI AGarticleincome generationgenderchildrendonkey hirehuman-animal interactionVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3154, p 3154 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	income generation gender children donkey hire human-animal interaction Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	income generation gender children donkey hire human-animal interaction Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Heather C. Maggs Andrew Ainslie Richard M. Bennett Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
description	Donkeys provide important resources and benefits for millions of people worldwide. However, global donkey populations are under increasing pressure from the growing demand for a traditional Chinese medicine, e’jiao, made from donkey-skin. The objective of this reflexive, qualitative thematic analysis was to examine the role of donkeys with 262 participants in northern Ghana and how donkeys contribute to livelihood outcomes, especially their use by women and children. Data were collected from four surveys, 12 in-depth interviews and 84 daily time budgets with the same participants, plus 16 focus groups, during one wet and one dry season across 2018-19. Uniquely, boys and girls between the ages of 10–16-years old were interviewed. Donkeys are highly valued by their owners as they play a valuable role in providing a pathway out of ultra-poverty. Donkeys’ contributions to livelihoods are significant and more complex than previously understood and documented in the literature. Donkey ownership confers up to six different income benefits in comparison to non-donkey owners. Female owners of donkeys reported that donkeys can contribute between 30–60% of their income. Children of both sexes can play an important role in the efficient deployment of one of these income generating activities.
format	article
author	Heather C. Maggs Andrew Ainslie Richard M. Bennett
author_facet	Heather C. Maggs Andrew Ainslie Richard M. Bennett
author_sort	Heather C. Maggs
title	Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
title_short	Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
title_full	Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
title_fullStr	Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
title_full_unstemmed	Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana
title_sort	donkey ownership provides a range of income benefits to the livelihoods of rural households in northern ghana
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f8f030b7135f47e180a9fe90f3bf440a
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Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana

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