Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

We assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of a virtual reality (VR) environment using a dome screen as a distraction method in young children during intravenous (IV) placement in the pediatric emergency department. This randomized controlled pilot study enrolled children aged 2 to 6 years w...

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Autores principales:	Ha Ni Lee, Woori Bae, Joong Wan Park, Jae Yun Jung, Soyun Hwang, Do Kyun Kim, Young Ho Kwak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f8f621c56b404f06b64950b8ffa72b32
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f8f621c56b404f06b64950b8ffa72b322021-12-02T20:14:51ZVirtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256489https://doaj.org/article/f8f621c56b404f06b64950b8ffa72b322021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256489https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of a virtual reality (VR) environment using a dome screen as a distraction method in young children during intravenous (IV) placement in the pediatric emergency department. This randomized controlled pilot study enrolled children aged 2 to 6 years who underwent IV placement into either the intervention group or the control group. Children in the intervention group experienced VR using a dome screen during IV placement. The child's pain intensity was measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale at four time points of IV placement: immediately after arrival to the blood collection room (base); immediately after the child laid down on the bed (preparation); when the tourniquet was applied (tourniquet); and the moment at which the needle penetrated the skin (venipuncture). The guardian's satisfaction and rating of the child's distress were assessed using a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire. We recruited 19 children (9 in the intervention group and 10 in the control group). Five children in the control group were excluded from the analysis because of missing video recordings (n = 3), failed first attempt at IV placement (n = 1), and the child's refusal to lie on the bed during the procedure (n = 1). No side effects of VR were reported during the study period. Although the average FLACC scale score at each time point (preparation, tourniquet, venipuncture) was lower in the intervention group than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (2.3, interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0-3.0; vs. 3.3, IQR: 2.7-6.7, P = 0.255). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the guardian's satisfaction and anxiety or his/her rating of the child's pain and anxiety. The guardians and emergency medical technicians reported satisfaction with the use of VR with a dome screen and considered it a useful distraction during the procedure. VR using a dome screen is a feasible distraction method for young children during IV placement. A larger clinical trial with further development of the VR environment and study process is required to adequately evaluate the efficacy of VR using a dome screen.Ha Ni LeeWoori BaeJoong Wan ParkJae Yun JungSoyun HwangDo Kyun KimYoung Ho KwakPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0256489 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ha Ni Lee Woori Bae Joong Wan Park Jae Yun Jung Soyun Hwang Do Kyun Kim Young Ho Kwak Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
description	We assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of a virtual reality (VR) environment using a dome screen as a distraction method in young children during intravenous (IV) placement in the pediatric emergency department. This randomized controlled pilot study enrolled children aged 2 to 6 years who underwent IV placement into either the intervention group or the control group. Children in the intervention group experienced VR using a dome screen during IV placement. The child's pain intensity was measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale at four time points of IV placement: immediately after arrival to the blood collection room (base); immediately after the child laid down on the bed (preparation); when the tourniquet was applied (tourniquet); and the moment at which the needle penetrated the skin (venipuncture). The guardian's satisfaction and rating of the child's distress were assessed using a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire. We recruited 19 children (9 in the intervention group and 10 in the control group). Five children in the control group were excluded from the analysis because of missing video recordings (n = 3), failed first attempt at IV placement (n = 1), and the child's refusal to lie on the bed during the procedure (n = 1). No side effects of VR were reported during the study period. Although the average FLACC scale score at each time point (preparation, tourniquet, venipuncture) was lower in the intervention group than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (2.3, interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0-3.0; vs. 3.3, IQR: 2.7-6.7, P = 0.255). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the guardian's satisfaction and anxiety or his/her rating of the child's pain and anxiety. The guardians and emergency medical technicians reported satisfaction with the use of VR with a dome screen and considered it a useful distraction during the procedure. VR using a dome screen is a feasible distraction method for young children during IV placement. A larger clinical trial with further development of the VR environment and study process is required to adequately evaluate the efficacy of VR using a dome screen.
format	article
author	Ha Ni Lee Woori Bae Joong Wan Park Jae Yun Jung Soyun Hwang Do Kyun Kim Young Ho Kwak
author_facet	Ha Ni Lee Woori Bae Joong Wan Park Jae Yun Jung Soyun Hwang Do Kyun Kim Young Ho Kwak
author_sort	Ha Ni Lee
title	Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
title_short	Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
title_full	Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
title_fullStr	Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
title_full_unstemmed	Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
title_sort	virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f8f621c56b404f06b64950b8ffa72b32
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Virtual reality environment using a dome screen for procedural pain in young children during intravenous placement: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

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