Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.

<h4>Background</h4>The phylogeny of the indigenous Indian-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been determined and refined in previous reports. Similar to mtDNA superhaplogroups M and N, a profusion of reports are also available for superhaplogroup R. However, there is a d...

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Autores principales:	Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Amrita Nandan, Vishwas Sharma, Varun Kumar Sharma, Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth, Pradeep Kumar Patra, Sandhya Singh, Sashi Rekha, Monika Dua, Narendra Verma, Alla G Reddy, Lalji Singh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f925d23d728a42448e66081844c0d6cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f925d23d728a42448e66081844c0d6cf2021-11-25T06:21:09ZDeep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0006545https://doaj.org/article/f925d23d728a42448e66081844c0d6cf2009-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19662095/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The phylogeny of the indigenous Indian-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been determined and refined in previous reports. Similar to mtDNA superhaplogroups M and N, a profusion of reports are also available for superhaplogroup R. However, there is a dearth of information on South Asian subhaplogroups in particular, including R8. Therefore, we ought to access the genealogy and pre-historic expansion of haplogroup R8 which is considered one of the autochthonous lineages of South Asia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Upon screening the mtDNA of 5,836 individuals belonging to 104 distinct ethnic populations of the Indian subcontinent, we found 54 individuals with the HVS-I motif that defines the R8 haplogroup. Complete mtDNA sequencing of these 54 individuals revealed two deep-rooted subclades: R8a and R8b. Furthermore, these subclades split into several fine subclades. An isofrequency contour map detected the highest frequency of R8 in the state of Orissa. Spearman's rank correlation analysis suggests significant correlation of R8 occurrence with geography.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The coalescent age of newly-characterized subclades of R8, R8a (15.4+/-7.2 Kya) and R8b (25.7+/-10.2 Kya) indicates that the initial maternal colonization of this haplogroup occurred during the middle and upper Paleolithic period, roughly around 40 to 45 Kya. These results signify that the southern part of Orissa currently inhabited by Munda speakers is likely the origin of these autochthonous maternal deep-rooted haplogroups. Our high-resolution study on the genesis of R8 haplogroup provides ample evidence of its deep-rooted ancestry among the Orissa (Austro-Asiatic) tribes.Kumarasamy ThangarajAmrita NandanVishwas SharmaVarun Kumar SharmaMuthukrishnan EaaswarkhanthPradeep Kumar PatraSandhya SinghSashi RekhaMonika DuaNarendra VermaAlla G ReddyLalji SinghPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 8, p e6545 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kumarasamy Thangaraj Amrita Nandan Vishwas Sharma Varun Kumar Sharma Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth Pradeep Kumar Patra Sandhya Singh Sashi Rekha Monika Dua Narendra Verma Alla G Reddy Lalji Singh Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The phylogeny of the indigenous Indian-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been determined and refined in previous reports. Similar to mtDNA superhaplogroups M and N, a profusion of reports are also available for superhaplogroup R. However, there is a dearth of information on South Asian subhaplogroups in particular, including R8. Therefore, we ought to access the genealogy and pre-historic expansion of haplogroup R8 which is considered one of the autochthonous lineages of South Asia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Upon screening the mtDNA of 5,836 individuals belonging to 104 distinct ethnic populations of the Indian subcontinent, we found 54 individuals with the HVS-I motif that defines the R8 haplogroup. Complete mtDNA sequencing of these 54 individuals revealed two deep-rooted subclades: R8a and R8b. Furthermore, these subclades split into several fine subclades. An isofrequency contour map detected the highest frequency of R8 in the state of Orissa. Spearman's rank correlation analysis suggests significant correlation of R8 occurrence with geography.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The coalescent age of newly-characterized subclades of R8, R8a (15.4+/-7.2 Kya) and R8b (25.7+/-10.2 Kya) indicates that the initial maternal colonization of this haplogroup occurred during the middle and upper Paleolithic period, roughly around 40 to 45 Kya. These results signify that the southern part of Orissa currently inhabited by Munda speakers is likely the origin of these autochthonous maternal deep-rooted haplogroups. Our high-resolution study on the genesis of R8 haplogroup provides ample evidence of its deep-rooted ancestry among the Orissa (Austro-Asiatic) tribes.
format	article
author	Kumarasamy Thangaraj Amrita Nandan Vishwas Sharma Varun Kumar Sharma Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth Pradeep Kumar Patra Sandhya Singh Sashi Rekha Monika Dua Narendra Verma Alla G Reddy Lalji Singh
author_facet	Kumarasamy Thangaraj Amrita Nandan Vishwas Sharma Varun Kumar Sharma Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth Pradeep Kumar Patra Sandhya Singh Sashi Rekha Monika Dua Narendra Verma Alla G Reddy Lalji Singh
author_sort	Kumarasamy Thangaraj
title	Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
title_short	Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
title_full	Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
title_fullStr	Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
title_full_unstemmed	Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.
title_sort	deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtdna haplogroup r8 in south asia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/f925d23d728a42448e66081844c0d6cf
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Deep rooting in-situ expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia.

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