Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia

Gebiso Roba Debele,1 Shuma Gosha Kanfe,2 Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet,3 Galana Mamo Ayana,3 Wakuma Wakene Jifar,4 Temam Beshir Raru3 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu Universi...

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Autores principales:	Debele GR, Kanfe SG, Weldesenbet AB, Ayana GM, Jifar WW, Raru TB
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	diabetic retinopathy predictors incidence diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f93f88131c294ba9b9bb445a4af0453f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f93f88131c294ba9b9bb445a4af0453f2021-12-02T13:13:15ZIncidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/f93f88131c294ba9b9bb445a4af0453f2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/incidence-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-its-predictors-among-newly-diagn-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Gebiso Roba Debele,1 Shuma Gosha Kanfe,2 Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet,3 Galana Mamo Ayana,3 Wakuma Wakene Jifar,4 Temam Beshir Raru3 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Gebiso Roba Debele Tel +251922042777Email gebisa.roba123@gmail.comBackground: With an increasing number of diabetes patients in developing countries, the burden of diabetes-related blindness is undoubtedly posing a massive challenge to the sustainable health care system due to the cost of care. Despite this fact, to date, most of the epidemiological research on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, has been limited to survey studies. Thus, we determined the incidence of retinopathy and its predictors among diabetic patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 402 randomly selected diabetic patients of aged ≥ 15 years. A preliminary reviewed checklist was used to obtain information on the demographics, clinical and physiological attributes. Data were entered using EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14. All variables at P-values less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis were exported to multivariable analysis. Multivariable accelerated failure time (AFT) regression analyses using Weibull distribution were used to examine the predictors of DR at a 5% level of significance.Results: Throughout a median follow-up period of 5.9 years, the cumulative incidence of DR was 20.15% (95%CI: 16.50– 24.37) and the incidence rate was 36.9 per 1000 person years (PY) (95%CI: 29.7– 45.9). Multivariable Weibull AFT regression analyses showed that type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (adjusted time ratio (ATR) 0.4095%CI: 0.20– 0.78), hypertension (HTN) (ATR 0.54; 95%CI: [0.35, 0.82]), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ATR 0.51; 95%CI: 0.36– 0.73), and borderline high total cholesterol (TC) (ATR 0.63; 95%CI: 0.42– 0.94) were a predictor of time to DR.Conclusion: The overall incidence of DR among patients with diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 20.15% and is becoming a public health burden in Ethiopia. Our results indicate that T2DM, HTN, low HDL-C and borderline high TC independently predicts an increased incidence/decreased survival time of retinopathy among diabetes patients. The low HDL-C, HTN, and high TC are modifiable risk factors that should be managed along with diabetes.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, predictors, incidence, diabetes mellitusDebele GRKanfe SGWeldesenbet ABAyana GMJifar WWRaru TBDove Medical Pressarticlediabetic retinopathypredictorsincidencediabetes mellitusSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 14, Pp 1305-1313 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diabetic retinopathy predictors incidence diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	diabetic retinopathy predictors incidence diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Debele GR Kanfe SG Weldesenbet AB Ayana GM Jifar WW Raru TB Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
description	Gebiso Roba Debele,1 Shuma Gosha Kanfe,2 Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet,3 Galana Mamo Ayana,3 Wakuma Wakene Jifar,4 Temam Beshir Raru3 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Gebiso Roba Debele Tel +251922042777Email gebisa.roba123@gmail.comBackground: With an increasing number of diabetes patients in developing countries, the burden of diabetes-related blindness is undoubtedly posing a massive challenge to the sustainable health care system due to the cost of care. Despite this fact, to date, most of the epidemiological research on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, has been limited to survey studies. Thus, we determined the incidence of retinopathy and its predictors among diabetic patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 402 randomly selected diabetic patients of aged ≥ 15 years. A preliminary reviewed checklist was used to obtain information on the demographics, clinical and physiological attributes. Data were entered using EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14. All variables at P-values less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis were exported to multivariable analysis. Multivariable accelerated failure time (AFT) regression analyses using Weibull distribution were used to examine the predictors of DR at a 5% level of significance.Results: Throughout a median follow-up period of 5.9 years, the cumulative incidence of DR was 20.15% (95%CI: 16.50– 24.37) and the incidence rate was 36.9 per 1000 person years (PY) (95%CI: 29.7– 45.9). Multivariable Weibull AFT regression analyses showed that type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (adjusted time ratio (ATR) 0.4095%CI: 0.20– 0.78), hypertension (HTN) (ATR 0.54; 95%CI: [0.35, 0.82]), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ATR 0.51; 95%CI: 0.36– 0.73), and borderline high total cholesterol (TC) (ATR 0.63; 95%CI: 0.42– 0.94) were a predictor of time to DR.Conclusion: The overall incidence of DR among patients with diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 20.15% and is becoming a public health burden in Ethiopia. Our results indicate that T2DM, HTN, low HDL-C and borderline high TC independently predicts an increased incidence/decreased survival time of retinopathy among diabetes patients. The low HDL-C, HTN, and high TC are modifiable risk factors that should be managed along with diabetes.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, predictors, incidence, diabetes mellitus
format	article
author	Debele GR Kanfe SG Weldesenbet AB Ayana GM Jifar WW Raru TB
author_facet	Debele GR Kanfe SG Weldesenbet AB Ayana GM Jifar WW Raru TB
author_sort	Debele GR
title	Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
title_short	Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
title_full	Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
title_fullStr	Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed	Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia
title_sort	incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its predictors among newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients: a retrospective follow-up study at tertiary health-care setting of ethiopia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f93f88131c294ba9b9bb445a4af0453f
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Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Predictors Among Newly Diagnosed Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Follow-up Study at Tertiary Health-care Setting of Ethiopia

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