Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin

Many coastal foundation plant species thrive across a range of environmental conditions, often displaying dramatic phenotypic variation in response to environmental variation. We characterized the response of propagules from six populations of the foundation species Rhizophora mangle L. to full fact...

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Autores principales:	Christina L. Richards, Kristen L. Langanke, Jeannie Mounger, Gordon A. Fox, David B. Lewis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	coastal ecosystem conservation genetics foundation species mangroves phenotypic plasticity Rhizophora mangle Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f95b05c2aaaf4eeb88f42e5065cab66a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f95b05c2aaaf4eeb88f42e5065cab66a2021-11-17T04:44:44ZTrait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.756683https://doaj.org/article/f95b05c2aaaf4eeb88f42e5065cab66a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.756683/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Many coastal foundation plant species thrive across a range of environmental conditions, often displaying dramatic phenotypic variation in response to environmental variation. We characterized the response of propagules from six populations of the foundation species Rhizophora mangle L. to full factorial combinations of two levels of salinity (15 ppt and 45 ppt) reflecting the range of salinity measured in the field populations, and two levels of nitrogen (N; no addition and amended at approximately 3 mg N per pot each week) equivalent to comparing ambient N to a rate of addition of 75 kg per hectare per year. The response to increasing salinity included significant changes, i.e., phenotypic plasticity, in succulence and root to shoot biomass allocation. Propagules also showed plasticity in maximum photosynthetic rate and root to shoot allocation in response to N amendment, but the responses depended on the level of salinity and varied by population of origin. In addition, propagules from different populations and maternal families within populations differed in survival and all traits measured except photosynthesis. Variation in phenotypes, phenotypic plasticity and propagule survival within and among R. mangle populations may contribute to adaptation to a complex mosaic of environmental conditions and response to climate change.Christina L. RichardsChristina L. RichardsKristen L. LangankeJeannie MoungerGordon A. FoxGordon A. FoxDavid B. LewisFrontiers Media S.A.articlecoastal ecosystemconservation geneticsfoundation speciesmangrovesphenotypic plasticityRhizophora mangleScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coastal ecosystem conservation genetics foundation species mangroves phenotypic plasticity Rhizophora mangle Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	coastal ecosystem conservation genetics foundation species mangroves phenotypic plasticity Rhizophora mangle Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Christina L. Richards Christina L. Richards Kristen L. Langanke Jeannie Mounger Gordon A. Fox Gordon A. Fox David B. Lewis Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
description	Many coastal foundation plant species thrive across a range of environmental conditions, often displaying dramatic phenotypic variation in response to environmental variation. We characterized the response of propagules from six populations of the foundation species Rhizophora mangle L. to full factorial combinations of two levels of salinity (15 ppt and 45 ppt) reflecting the range of salinity measured in the field populations, and two levels of nitrogen (N; no addition and amended at approximately 3 mg N per pot each week) equivalent to comparing ambient N to a rate of addition of 75 kg per hectare per year. The response to increasing salinity included significant changes, i.e., phenotypic plasticity, in succulence and root to shoot biomass allocation. Propagules also showed plasticity in maximum photosynthetic rate and root to shoot allocation in response to N amendment, but the responses depended on the level of salinity and varied by population of origin. In addition, propagules from different populations and maternal families within populations differed in survival and all traits measured except photosynthesis. Variation in phenotypes, phenotypic plasticity and propagule survival within and among R. mangle populations may contribute to adaptation to a complex mosaic of environmental conditions and response to climate change.
format	article
author	Christina L. Richards Christina L. Richards Kristen L. Langanke Jeannie Mounger Gordon A. Fox Gordon A. Fox David B. Lewis
author_facet	Christina L. Richards Christina L. Richards Kristen L. Langanke Jeannie Mounger Gordon A. Fox Gordon A. Fox David B. Lewis
author_sort	Christina L. Richards
title	Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
title_short	Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
title_full	Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
title_fullStr	Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
title_full_unstemmed	Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin
title_sort	trait response to nitrogen and salinity in rhizophora mangle propagules and variation by maternal family and population of origin
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f95b05c2aaaf4eeb88f42e5065cab66a
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Trait Response to Nitrogen and Salinity in Rhizophora mangle Propagules and Variation by Maternal Family and Population of Origin

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