Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils

Abstract Microlevel properties such as mineralogical and chemical compositions greatly control the macro behaviour of expansive soils. In this paper, the combined effect of mineral (i.e. montmorillonite, MMC) and chemical contents (i.e. Ca and Na in their total (T), leachable (L) and exchangeable fo...

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Autores principales:	Bendadi Hanumantha Rao, Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy, Bijayananda Mohanty, Krishna R. Reddy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9adb9b073a04fd38ac28351dcc65191
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9adb9b073a04fd38ac28351dcc651912021-12-02T18:51:41ZCombined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils10.1038/s41598-021-95746-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f9adb9b073a04fd38ac28351dcc651912021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95746-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Microlevel properties such as mineralogical and chemical compositions greatly control the macro behaviour of expansive soils. In this paper, the combined effect of mineral (i.e. montmorillonite, MMC) and chemical contents (i.e. Ca and Na in their total (T), leachable (L) and exchangeable form (CEC)) on swelling behaviour is investigated in a comprehensive way. Several 3-dimensional (3D) graphs correlating MMC and Ca/Na ratio, together, with swelling property (swelling potential, S a , and swelling pressure, S p ) are developed. 3D plots, in general, portrayed a non-linear relationship of S a and S p with MMC and Ca/Na ratio, together. It is hypothesized that swelling initially is triggered by chemical parameters due to their quick and rapid ionization capability, but the overall swelling phenomenon is largely controlled by MMC. It is importantly found that expansive soils are dominant with divalent Ca++ ions up to MMC of 67% and beyond this percentage, monovalent Na+ ions are prevalent. From the interpretation of results, the maximum S a of 18% and S p of 93 kPa is measured at MMC of 43%, (Ca/Na)T of 10–14 and (Ca/Na)L of 2–7. It is concluded from study that total CEC + MMC for determining S a and (Ca/Na)T + MMC for determining S p are superior parameters to be considered. The findings of the study also excellently endorsed the results of Foster32, who stated that ionization of Na or Ca depends on the constituent mineral contents. The findings presented herein are unique, interesting and bear very practical significance, as no earlier research work reported such findings by accounting for chemical and mineralogical parameters impact, in tandem, on swelling properties.Bendadi Hanumantha RaoPeddireddy Sreekanth ReddyBijayananda MohantyKrishna R. ReddyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bendadi Hanumantha Rao Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy Bijayananda Mohanty Krishna R. Reddy Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
description	Abstract Microlevel properties such as mineralogical and chemical compositions greatly control the macro behaviour of expansive soils. In this paper, the combined effect of mineral (i.e. montmorillonite, MMC) and chemical contents (i.e. Ca and Na in their total (T), leachable (L) and exchangeable form (CEC)) on swelling behaviour is investigated in a comprehensive way. Several 3-dimensional (3D) graphs correlating MMC and Ca/Na ratio, together, with swelling property (swelling potential, S a , and swelling pressure, S p ) are developed. 3D plots, in general, portrayed a non-linear relationship of S a and S p with MMC and Ca/Na ratio, together. It is hypothesized that swelling initially is triggered by chemical parameters due to their quick and rapid ionization capability, but the overall swelling phenomenon is largely controlled by MMC. It is importantly found that expansive soils are dominant with divalent Ca++ ions up to MMC of 67% and beyond this percentage, monovalent Na+ ions are prevalent. From the interpretation of results, the maximum S a of 18% and S p of 93 kPa is measured at MMC of 43%, (Ca/Na)T of 10–14 and (Ca/Na)L of 2–7. It is concluded from study that total CEC + MMC for determining S a and (Ca/Na)T + MMC for determining S p are superior parameters to be considered. The findings of the study also excellently endorsed the results of Foster32, who stated that ionization of Na or Ca depends on the constituent mineral contents. The findings presented herein are unique, interesting and bear very practical significance, as no earlier research work reported such findings by accounting for chemical and mineralogical parameters impact, in tandem, on swelling properties.
format	article
author	Bendadi Hanumantha Rao Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy Bijayananda Mohanty Krishna R. Reddy
author_facet	Bendadi Hanumantha Rao Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy Bijayananda Mohanty Krishna R. Reddy
author_sort	Bendadi Hanumantha Rao
title	Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
title_short	Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
title_full	Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
title_fullStr	Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
title_full_unstemmed	Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
title_sort	combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9adb9b073a04fd38ac28351dcc65191
work_keys_str_mv	AT bendadihanumantharao combinedeffectofmineralogicalandchemicalparametersonswellingbehaviourofexpansivesoils AT peddireddysreekanthreddy combinedeffectofmineralogicalandchemicalparametersonswellingbehaviourofexpansivesoils AT bijayanandamohanty combinedeffectofmineralogicalandchemicalparametersonswellingbehaviourofexpansivesoils AT krishnarreddy combinedeffectofmineralogicalandchemicalparametersonswellingbehaviourofexpansivesoils
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Combined effect of mineralogical and chemical parameters on swelling behaviour of expansive soils

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