Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.

<h4>Background</h4>The eggs in most invertebrates are fertilized externally, and therefore their resulting embryos are exposed to an environment full of microbes, many of which are pathogens capable of killing other organisms. How the developing embryos of invertebrates defend themselves...

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Autores principales:	Yujun Liang, Shicui Zhang, Zhiping Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9bb87893ef94946bf3259ef5f6e1157
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9bb87893ef94946bf3259ef5f6e11572021-11-25T06:17:42ZAlternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0004234https://doaj.org/article/f9bb87893ef94946bf3259ef5f6e11572009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19156196/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The eggs in most invertebrates are fertilized externally, and therefore their resulting embryos are exposed to an environment full of microbes, many of which are pathogens capable of killing other organisms. How the developing embryos of invertebrates defend themselves against pathogenic attacks is an intriguing question to biologists, and remains largely unknown.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we clearly demonstrated that the egg cytosol prepared from the newly fertilized eggs of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri, an invertebrate chordate, was able to inhibit the growth of both the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio anguillarum and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. All findings point to that it is the complement system operating via the alternative pathway that is attributable to the bacteriostatic activity.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This appears to be the first report providing the evidence for the functional role of the maternal complement components in the eggs of invertebrate species, paving the way for the study of maternal immunity in other invertebrate organisms whose eggs are fertilized in vitro. It also supports the notion that the early developing embryos share some defense mechanisms common with the adult species.Yujun LiangShicui ZhangZhiping WangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 1, p e4234 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yujun Liang Shicui Zhang Zhiping Wang Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The eggs in most invertebrates are fertilized externally, and therefore their resulting embryos are exposed to an environment full of microbes, many of which are pathogens capable of killing other organisms. How the developing embryos of invertebrates defend themselves against pathogenic attacks is an intriguing question to biologists, and remains largely unknown.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we clearly demonstrated that the egg cytosol prepared from the newly fertilized eggs of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri, an invertebrate chordate, was able to inhibit the growth of both the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio anguillarum and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. All findings point to that it is the complement system operating via the alternative pathway that is attributable to the bacteriostatic activity.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This appears to be the first report providing the evidence for the functional role of the maternal complement components in the eggs of invertebrate species, paving the way for the study of maternal immunity in other invertebrate organisms whose eggs are fertilized in vitro. It also supports the notion that the early developing embryos share some defense mechanisms common with the adult species.
format	article
author	Yujun Liang Shicui Zhang Zhiping Wang
author_facet	Yujun Liang Shicui Zhang Zhiping Wang
author_sort	Yujun Liang
title	Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
title_short	Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
title_full	Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
title_fullStr	Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
title_full_unstemmed	Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
title_sort	alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9bb87893ef94946bf3259ef5f6e1157
work_keys_str_mv	AT yujunliang alternativecomplementactivityintheeggcytosolofamphioxusbranchiostomabelcherievidenceforthedefenseroleofmaternalcomplementcomponents AT shicuizhang alternativecomplementactivityintheeggcytosolofamphioxusbranchiostomabelcherievidenceforthedefenseroleofmaternalcomplementcomponents AT zhipingwang alternativecomplementactivityintheeggcytosolofamphioxusbranchiostomabelcherievidenceforthedefenseroleofmaternalcomplementcomponents
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Alternative complement activity in the egg cytosol of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: evidence for the defense role of maternal complement components.

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