Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates

Abstract Conventional larvicide delivery strategies originally developed for permanent and floodwater mosquitoes have proved suboptimal in the small, scattered, and cryptic larval habitats preferred by container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes. New methods such as autodissemination, wherein adult mosqui...

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Autores principales:	Isik Unlu, Ary Faraji, Yi Wang, Ilia Rochlin, Randy Gaugler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9beec1ef33c431d85cd940ab2837d85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9beec1ef33c431d85cd940ab2837d852021-12-02T18:34:06ZHeterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates10.1038/s41598-021-93492-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/f9beec1ef33c431d85cd940ab2837d852021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93492-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Conventional larvicide delivery strategies originally developed for permanent and floodwater mosquitoes have proved suboptimal in the small, scattered, and cryptic larval habitats preferred by container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes. New methods such as autodissemination, wherein adult mosquitoes spread insecticides to their own larval habitats, have been under study. Another novel delivery method termed heterodissemination, i.e. larvicide delivery by other species sharing the same habitats, has also been proposed. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with four independent experiments using American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and green frogs Lithobates clamitans as carriers of pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator, under semi-field conditions in three different locations, two in New Jersey, and one in Utah. Frogs with attached slow-release pyriproxyfen tablets were introduced into outdoor enclosures with water containers. Water samples from the containers were periodically tested using larval Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes to assess mortality and percent eclosure inhibition. Overall pupal mortality [95% credible intervals] estimated by Bayesian analysis for the treatment group was 73.4% [71.3–75.2] compared to 4.1% [2.9–5.5] for the control group. Mortality within treatment groups in four different experiments ranged from 41 to 100%, whereas control mortalities ranged from 0.5% to 11%. We conclude that heterodissemination is a promising and effective approach deserving of further study.Isik UnluAry FarajiYi WangIlia RochlinRandy GauglerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Isik Unlu Ary Faraji Yi Wang Ilia Rochlin Randy Gaugler Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
description	Abstract Conventional larvicide delivery strategies originally developed for permanent and floodwater mosquitoes have proved suboptimal in the small, scattered, and cryptic larval habitats preferred by container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes. New methods such as autodissemination, wherein adult mosquitoes spread insecticides to their own larval habitats, have been under study. Another novel delivery method termed heterodissemination, i.e. larvicide delivery by other species sharing the same habitats, has also been proposed. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with four independent experiments using American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and green frogs Lithobates clamitans as carriers of pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator, under semi-field conditions in three different locations, two in New Jersey, and one in Utah. Frogs with attached slow-release pyriproxyfen tablets were introduced into outdoor enclosures with water containers. Water samples from the containers were periodically tested using larval Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens mosquitoes to assess mortality and percent eclosure inhibition. Overall pupal mortality [95% credible intervals] estimated by Bayesian analysis for the treatment group was 73.4% [71.3–75.2] compared to 4.1% [2.9–5.5] for the control group. Mortality within treatment groups in four different experiments ranged from 41 to 100%, whereas control mortalities ranged from 0.5% to 11%. We conclude that heterodissemination is a promising and effective approach deserving of further study.
format	article
author	Isik Unlu Ary Faraji Yi Wang Ilia Rochlin Randy Gaugler
author_facet	Isik Unlu Ary Faraji Yi Wang Ilia Rochlin Randy Gaugler
author_sort	Isik Unlu
title	Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
title_short	Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
title_full	Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
title_fullStr	Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
title_full_unstemmed	Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
title_sort	heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9beec1ef33c431d85cd940ab2837d85
work_keys_str_mv	AT isikunlu heterodisseminationprecisioninsecticidedeliverytomosquitolarvalhabitatsbycohabitingvertebrates AT aryfaraji heterodisseminationprecisioninsecticidedeliverytomosquitolarvalhabitatsbycohabitingvertebrates AT yiwang heterodisseminationprecisioninsecticidedeliverytomosquitolarvalhabitatsbycohabitingvertebrates AT iliarochlin heterodisseminationprecisioninsecticidedeliverytomosquitolarvalhabitatsbycohabitingvertebrates AT randygaugler heterodisseminationprecisioninsecticidedeliverytomosquitolarvalhabitatsbycohabitingvertebrates
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Heterodissemination: precision insecticide delivery to mosquito larval habitats by cohabiting vertebrates

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