Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy

Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A...

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Autores principales:	Rafael Franco, Rafael Rivas-Santisteban, Gemma Navarro, Irene Reyes-Resina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor clinical trial carcinoma metastases chemoradiation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce2021-11-25T17:07:42ZAdenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy10.3390/cells101128312073-4409https://doaj.org/article/f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2831https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>2B</sub> receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A<sub>2A</sub>R and A<sub>2B</sub>R ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.Rafael FrancoRafael Rivas-SantistebanGemma NavarroIrene Reyes-ResinaMDPI AGarticleA<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptorA<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptorclinical trialcarcinomametastaseschemoradiationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2831, p 2831 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor clinical trial carcinoma metastases chemoradiation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptor A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor clinical trial carcinoma metastases chemoradiation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
description	Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>2B</sub> receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A<sub>2A</sub>R and A<sub>2B</sub>R ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.
format	article
author	Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina
author_facet	Rafael Franco Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Gemma Navarro Irene Reyes-Resina
author_sort	Rafael Franco
title	Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
title_short	Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
title_full	Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
title_fullStr	Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed	Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
title_sort	adenosine receptor antagonists to combat cancer and to boost anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9c09bbd2cec49e98818993983400dce
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafaelfranco adenosinereceptorantagoniststocombatcancerandtoboostanticancerchemotherapyandimmunotherapy AT rafaelrivassantisteban adenosinereceptorantagoniststocombatcancerandtoboostanticancerchemotherapyandimmunotherapy AT gemmanavarro adenosinereceptorantagoniststocombatcancerandtoboostanticancerchemotherapyandimmunotherapy AT irenereyesresina adenosinereceptorantagoniststocombatcancerandtoboostanticancerchemotherapyandimmunotherapy
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Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy

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