Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products

Ajeet Kumar, 1 Dan V Goia 2 1Ames Electronic Materials Division, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA; 2Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13676, USACorrespondence: Dan V GoiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, 123 Science Center, 8 Clarkso...

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Autores principales:	Kumar A, Goia DV
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	colloidal silver nanodispersion bio-active supplement antimicrobial uv-vis analysis Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9e2c16643e5413694ebd5f3bf5dffb5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9e2c16643e5413694ebd5f3bf5dffb52021-12-02T15:12:44ZComparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/f9e2c16643e5413694ebd5f3bf5dffb52020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/comparative-analysis-of-commercial-colloidal-silver-products-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Ajeet Kumar, 1 Dan V Goia 2 1Ames Electronic Materials Division, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA; 2Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13676, USACorrespondence: Dan V GoiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, 123 Science Center, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699, USATel +1 315 268 4411Email dgoia@clarkson.eduPurpose: The public fear associated with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has triggered recently a significant proliferation of supplements touted as potential cures against bacteria and viruses. Colloidal silver has particularly benefited from this rush given its empirically and scientifically documented anti-bacterial and anti-viral actions. The lack of standards in the unregulated supplements industry remains a major roadblock in evaluating the quality and consistency of marketed products or assessing the accuracy of the information provided by manufacturers. This study is the first scientifically rigorous attempt to evaluate commercial silver colloidal products offered for sale on the internet.Methods: Fourteen of the most popular colloidal silver products purchased from Amazon (www.amazon.com) were evaluated using state-of-the-art analytical techniques widely accepted as gold standards for investigating the properties (size, shape) and the dispersion of silver nanoparticles.Results: Commercial samples were analysed using UV-Vis, FE-SEM and AAS techniques. In general, the Ag concentration was very close to those claimed by the manufacturer. The colorless product shows no absorbance in the UV-Vis analysis. The FESEM and STEM images confirmed the conclusions of the UV-Vis analysis.Conclusion: The results of this evaluation show clearly that 70% of the commercial products evaluated contain only ionic silver. Despite the evidence showing that silver nanoparticles are not present, eight of these products are promoted by the manufacturers as ‘colloidal silver’. Considering the extensive scientific research showing major differences between silver ionic and silver nanoparticles in terms of mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety, it is clear that this misrepresentation impacts the consumers and must be addressed. This study serves as blueprint for a scientific protocol to be followed by manufacturers for characterizing their silver supplements.Keywords: colloidal silver, nanodispersion, bio-active, supplement, antimicrobial, UV-Vis analysisKumar AGoia DVDove Medical Pressarticlecolloidal silvernanodispersionbio-activesupplementantimicrobialuv-vis analysisMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 10425-10434 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	colloidal silver nanodispersion bio-active supplement antimicrobial uv-vis analysis Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	colloidal silver nanodispersion bio-active supplement antimicrobial uv-vis analysis Medicine (General) R5-920 Kumar A Goia DV Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
description	Ajeet Kumar, 1 Dan V Goia 2 1Ames Electronic Materials Division, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA; 2Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13676, USACorrespondence: Dan V GoiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, 123 Science Center, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699, USATel +1 315 268 4411Email dgoia@clarkson.eduPurpose: The public fear associated with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has triggered recently a significant proliferation of supplements touted as potential cures against bacteria and viruses. Colloidal silver has particularly benefited from this rush given its empirically and scientifically documented anti-bacterial and anti-viral actions. The lack of standards in the unregulated supplements industry remains a major roadblock in evaluating the quality and consistency of marketed products or assessing the accuracy of the information provided by manufacturers. This study is the first scientifically rigorous attempt to evaluate commercial silver colloidal products offered for sale on the internet.Methods: Fourteen of the most popular colloidal silver products purchased from Amazon (www.amazon.com) were evaluated using state-of-the-art analytical techniques widely accepted as gold standards for investigating the properties (size, shape) and the dispersion of silver nanoparticles.Results: Commercial samples were analysed using UV-Vis, FE-SEM and AAS techniques. In general, the Ag concentration was very close to those claimed by the manufacturer. The colorless product shows no absorbance in the UV-Vis analysis. The FESEM and STEM images confirmed the conclusions of the UV-Vis analysis.Conclusion: The results of this evaluation show clearly that 70% of the commercial products evaluated contain only ionic silver. Despite the evidence showing that silver nanoparticles are not present, eight of these products are promoted by the manufacturers as ‘colloidal silver’. Considering the extensive scientific research showing major differences between silver ionic and silver nanoparticles in terms of mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety, it is clear that this misrepresentation impacts the consumers and must be addressed. This study serves as blueprint for a scientific protocol to be followed by manufacturers for characterizing their silver supplements.Keywords: colloidal silver, nanodispersion, bio-active, supplement, antimicrobial, UV-Vis analysis
format	article
author	Kumar A Goia DV
author_facet	Kumar A Goia DV
author_sort	Kumar A
title	Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
title_short	Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
title_full	Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
title_fullStr	Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products
title_sort	comparative analysis of commercial colloidal silver products
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9e2c16643e5413694ebd5f3bf5dffb5
work_keys_str_mv	AT kumara comparativeanalysisofcommercialcolloidalsilverproducts AT goiadv comparativeanalysisofcommercialcolloidalsilverproducts
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Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products

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