The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
The red macroalga <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in <i>Gelidium latifolium</i...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/f9e4a01ddf5f4fe8ab4740cd3cdde8a0 |
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| Sumario: | The red macroalga <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]<sup>-</sup> of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE’s cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., <i>p53</i>, <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bak</i>, and <i>Bcl2</i>). Downregulated expression of <i>Bcl2</i> indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs. |
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