The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae Gelidium latifolium Extract against Melanoma Cells

The red macroalga Gelidium latifolium is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in Gelidium latifolium</i...

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Autores principales:	Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya, Nur Ardiana, Hasriaton Padmi, Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami, Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari, Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi, Aluh Nikmatullah, Sri Widyastuti, Haji Sunarpi, Andri Frediansyah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	brassicolene B16-F10 cytotoxicity <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> macroalgae Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9e4a01ddf5f4fe8ab4740cd3cdde8a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9e4a01ddf5f4fe8ab4740cd3cdde8a02021-11-11T18:33:06ZThe Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells10.3390/molecules262165681420-3049https://doaj.org/article/f9e4a01ddf5f4fe8ab4740cd3cdde8a02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6568https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The red macroalga <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]<sup>-</sup> of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE’s cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., <i>p53</i>, <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bak</i>, and <i>Bcl2</i>). Downregulated expression of <i>Bcl2</i> indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs.Eka Sunarwidhi PrasedyaNur ArdianaHasriaton PadmiBq Tri Khairina IlhamiNi Wayan Riyani MartyasariAnggit Listyacahyani SunarwidhiAluh NikmatullahSri WidyastutiHaji SunarpiAndri FrediansyahMDPI AGarticlebrassicoleneB16-F10cytotoxicity<i>Gelidium latifolium</i>macroalgaeOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6568, p 6568 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brassicolene B16-F10 cytotoxicity <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> macroalgae Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	brassicolene B16-F10 cytotoxicity <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> macroalgae Organic chemistry QD241-441 Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya Nur Ardiana Hasriaton Padmi Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi Aluh Nikmatullah Sri Widyastuti Haji Sunarpi Andri Frediansyah The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
description	The red macroalga <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]<sup>-</sup> of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE’s cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., <i>p53</i>, <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bak</i>, and <i>Bcl2</i>). Downregulated expression of <i>Bcl2</i> indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs.
format	article
author	Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya Nur Ardiana Hasriaton Padmi Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi Aluh Nikmatullah Sri Widyastuti Haji Sunarpi Andri Frediansyah
author_facet	Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya Nur Ardiana Hasriaton Padmi Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi Aluh Nikmatullah Sri Widyastuti Haji Sunarpi Andri Frediansyah
author_sort	Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
title	The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
title_short	The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
title_full	The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
title_fullStr	The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
title_full_unstemmed	The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells
title_sort	antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of the red macroalgae <i>gelidium latifolium</i> extract against melanoma cells
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9e4a01ddf5f4fe8ab4740cd3cdde8a0
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The Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of the Red Macroalgae <i>Gelidium latifolium</i> Extract against Melanoma Cells

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