MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

Several MRI measures have been developed in the last couple of decades, providing a number of imaging biomarkers that can capture the complexity of the pathological processes occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains. Such measures have provided more specific information on the heterogeneous patho...

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Autores principales:	Rosa Cortese, Antonio Giorgio, Gianmarco Severa, Nicola De Stefano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	MRI multiple sclerosis prognosis neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9ebf32d1d0a4c65b9e25442302eaa1e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9ebf32d1d0a4c65b9e25442302eaa1e2021-11-18T04:52:36ZMRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease1664-229510.3389/fneur.2021.679881https://doaj.org/article/f9ebf32d1d0a4c65b9e25442302eaa1e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.679881/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Several MRI measures have been developed in the last couple of decades, providing a number of imaging biomarkers that can capture the complexity of the pathological processes occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains. Such measures have provided more specific information on the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of MS-related tissue damage, being able to detect, and quantify the evolution of structural changes both within and outside focal lesions. In clinical practise, MRI is increasingly used in the MS field to help to assess patients during follow-up, guide treatment decisions and, importantly, predict the disease course. Moreover, the process of identifying new effective therapies for MS patients has been supported by the use of serial MRI examinations in order to sensitively detect the sub-clinical effects of disease-modifying treatments at an earlier stage than is possible using measures based on clinical disease activity. However, despite this has been largely demonstrated in the relapsing forms of MS, a poor understanding of the underlying pathologic mechanisms leading to either progression or tissue repair in MS as well as the lack of sensitive outcome measures for the progressive phases of the disease and repair therapies makes the development of effective treatments a big challenge. Finally, the role of MRI biomarkers in the monitoring of disease activity and the assessment of treatment response in other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease (MOGAD) is still marginal, and advanced MRI studies have shown conflicting results. Against this background, this review focused on recently developed MRI measures, which were sensitive to pathological changes, and that could best contribute in the future to provide prognostic information and monitor patients with MS and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases, in particular, NMOSD and MOGAD.Rosa CorteseAntonio GiorgioGianmarco SeveraNicola De StefanoFrontiers Media S.A.articleMRImultiple sclerosisprognosisneuromyelitis optica spectrum disordermyelin oligodendrocyte antibody diseaseNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENFrontiers in Neurology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	MRI multiple sclerosis prognosis neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	MRI multiple sclerosis prognosis neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Rosa Cortese Antonio Giorgio Gianmarco Severa Nicola De Stefano MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
description	Several MRI measures have been developed in the last couple of decades, providing a number of imaging biomarkers that can capture the complexity of the pathological processes occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains. Such measures have provided more specific information on the heterogeneous pathologic substrate of MS-related tissue damage, being able to detect, and quantify the evolution of structural changes both within and outside focal lesions. In clinical practise, MRI is increasingly used in the MS field to help to assess patients during follow-up, guide treatment decisions and, importantly, predict the disease course. Moreover, the process of identifying new effective therapies for MS patients has been supported by the use of serial MRI examinations in order to sensitively detect the sub-clinical effects of disease-modifying treatments at an earlier stage than is possible using measures based on clinical disease activity. However, despite this has been largely demonstrated in the relapsing forms of MS, a poor understanding of the underlying pathologic mechanisms leading to either progression or tissue repair in MS as well as the lack of sensitive outcome measures for the progressive phases of the disease and repair therapies makes the development of effective treatments a big challenge. Finally, the role of MRI biomarkers in the monitoring of disease activity and the assessment of treatment response in other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease (MOGAD) is still marginal, and advanced MRI studies have shown conflicting results. Against this background, this review focused on recently developed MRI measures, which were sensitive to pathological changes, and that could best contribute in the future to provide prognostic information and monitor patients with MS and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases, in particular, NMOSD and MOGAD.
format	article
author	Rosa Cortese Antonio Giorgio Gianmarco Severa Nicola De Stefano
author_facet	Rosa Cortese Antonio Giorgio Gianmarco Severa Nicola De Stefano
author_sort	Rosa Cortese
title	MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
title_short	MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
title_full	MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
title_fullStr	MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
title_full_unstemmed	MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease
title_sort	mri prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte antibody disease
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9ebf32d1d0a4c65b9e25442302eaa1e
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MRI Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Antibody Disease

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