Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings

Water demand measurements have historically been conducted manually, from meter readings less than once per month. Leading water service providers have begun to deploy smart meters to collect high-resolution data. A low-cost flush counter was developed and connected to a real-time monitoring platfor...

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Autores principales:	Peter Melville-Shreeve, Sarah Cotterill, David Butler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	low-cost water sensors smart water meters ultra-low flush toilet water demand management Information technology T58.5-58.64 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f9fddd89687148579d4dce1e3fe03f4b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:f9fddd89687148579d4dce1e3fe03f4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f9fddd89687148579d4dce1e3fe03f4b2021-11-05T17:46:27ZCapturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings1464-71411465-173410.2166/hydro.2021.103https://doaj.org/article/f9fddd89687148579d4dce1e3fe03f4b2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jh.iwaponline.com/content/23/3/402https://doaj.org/toc/1464-7141https://doaj.org/toc/1465-1734Water demand measurements have historically been conducted manually, from meter readings less than once per month. Leading water service providers have begun to deploy smart meters to collect high-resolution data. A low-cost flush counter was developed and connected to a real-time monitoring platform for 119 ultra-low flush toilets in 7 buildings on a university campus to explore how building users influence water demand. Toilet use followed a typical weekly pattern in which weekday use was 92% ± 4 higher than weekend use. Toilet demand was higher during term time and showed a strong, positive relationship with the number of building occupants. Mixed-use buildings tended to have greater variation in toilet use between term time and holidays than office-use buildings. The findings suggest that the flush sensor methodology is a reliable method for further consideration. Supplementary data from the study's datasets will enable practitioners to use captured data for (i) forecast models to inform water resource plans; (ii) alarm systems to automate maintenance scheduling; (iii) dynamic cleaning schedules; (iv) monitoring of building usage rates; (v) design of smart rainwater harvesting to meet demand from real-time data; and (vi) exploring dynamic water pricing models, to incentivise optimal on-site water storage strategies. HIGHLIGHTS A novel, low-cost, high-resolution water demand sensing strategy was tested, by deploying flush counters across seven large campus buildings.; Making such real-time data available could deliver value in improving: water demand forecasts; maintenance strategies; cleaning strategies; building user insights; and optimal water system design.; Water demand varied and was linked to occupancy metrics.;Peter Melville-ShreeveSarah CotterillDavid ButlerIWA Publishingarticlelow-cost water sensorssmart water metersultra-low flush toiletwater demand managementInformation technologyT58.5-58.64Environmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Hydroinformatics, Vol 23, Iss 3, Pp 402-416 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	low-cost water sensors smart water meters ultra-low flush toilet water demand management Information technology T58.5-58.64 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	low-cost water sensors smart water meters ultra-low flush toilet water demand management Information technology T58.5-58.64 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah Cotterill David Butler Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
description	Water demand measurements have historically been conducted manually, from meter readings less than once per month. Leading water service providers have begun to deploy smart meters to collect high-resolution data. A low-cost flush counter was developed and connected to a real-time monitoring platform for 119 ultra-low flush toilets in 7 buildings on a university campus to explore how building users influence water demand. Toilet use followed a typical weekly pattern in which weekday use was 92% ± 4 higher than weekend use. Toilet demand was higher during term time and showed a strong, positive relationship with the number of building occupants. Mixed-use buildings tended to have greater variation in toilet use between term time and holidays than office-use buildings. The findings suggest that the flush sensor methodology is a reliable method for further consideration. Supplementary data from the study's datasets will enable practitioners to use captured data for (i) forecast models to inform water resource plans; (ii) alarm systems to automate maintenance scheduling; (iii) dynamic cleaning schedules; (iv) monitoring of building usage rates; (v) design of smart rainwater harvesting to meet demand from real-time data; and (vi) exploring dynamic water pricing models, to incentivise optimal on-site water storage strategies. HIGHLIGHTS A novel, low-cost, high-resolution water demand sensing strategy was tested, by deploying flush counters across seven large campus buildings.; Making such real-time data available could deliver value in improving: water demand forecasts; maintenance strategies; cleaning strategies; building user insights; and optimal water system design.; Water demand varied and was linked to occupancy metrics.;
format	article
author	Peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah Cotterill David Butler
author_facet	Peter Melville-Shreeve Sarah Cotterill David Butler
author_sort	Peter Melville-Shreeve
title	Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
title_short	Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
title_full	Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
title_fullStr	Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
title_full_unstemmed	Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
title_sort	capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f9fddd89687148579d4dce1e3fe03f4b
work_keys_str_mv	AT petermelvilleshreeve capturinghighresolutionwaterdemanddataincommercialbuildings AT sarahcotterill capturinghighresolutionwaterdemanddataincommercialbuildings AT davidbutler capturinghighresolutionwaterdemanddataincommercialbuildings
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Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings

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