Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells

Abstract Graphite pencil stroked electrodes for paper-based Microfluidic devices are gaining immense attention due to their electrochemical properties, cost efficiency, and ease-of-use. However, their widespread use has been hindered by the challenges associated with their manual fabrication such as...

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Autores principales:	Lanka Tata Rao, Prakash Rewatkar, Satish Kumar Dubey, Arshad Javed, Sanket Goel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa214a9f8515457cbf551b40d131f2c2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa214a9f8515457cbf551b40d131f2c22021-12-02T15:32:59ZAutomated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells10.1038/s41598-020-68579-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fa214a9f8515457cbf551b40d131f2c22020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68579-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Graphite pencil stroked electrodes for paper-based Microfluidic devices are gaining immense attention due to their electrochemical properties, cost efficiency, and ease-of-use. However, their widespread use has been hindered by the challenges associated with their manual fabrication such as non-uniformity in graphite deposition, applied pressure, etc. This work presents the design and development of an automated graphite pencil stroking device for graphite electrode fabrication with high efficiency through a compact, inexpensive and automatic process, with reduced fabrication time and human intervention leading to more uniformity. The motion platform of Graphtec plotter was used to create multiple strokes with the help of the proposed device. Such inexpensive graphite electrodes (less than the US $1) have been observed to be porous in nature, acting as diffusion agents. The automated graphite electrodes were used to study the performance of microfluidic paper fuel cells (MPFCs) with formic acid, oxygen, and sulphuric acid acting as fuel, oxidising agent and electrolyte respectively. From this configuration, the maximum current density and power density were measured to be 1,305.5 µA cm−2 and 135.5 µW cm−2, respectively at 0.3 V stable OCP at 100 strokes. Overall, the study enumerates the development of an automated pencil stroke device for fabricating graphite electrodes, which can potentially be harnessed in numerous miniaturized paper based applications.Lanka Tata RaoPrakash RewatkarSatish Kumar DubeyArshad JavedSanket GoelNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lanka Tata Rao Prakash Rewatkar Satish Kumar Dubey Arshad Javed Sanket Goel Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
description	Abstract Graphite pencil stroked electrodes for paper-based Microfluidic devices are gaining immense attention due to their electrochemical properties, cost efficiency, and ease-of-use. However, their widespread use has been hindered by the challenges associated with their manual fabrication such as non-uniformity in graphite deposition, applied pressure, etc. This work presents the design and development of an automated graphite pencil stroking device for graphite electrode fabrication with high efficiency through a compact, inexpensive and automatic process, with reduced fabrication time and human intervention leading to more uniformity. The motion platform of Graphtec plotter was used to create multiple strokes with the help of the proposed device. Such inexpensive graphite electrodes (less than the US $1) have been observed to be porous in nature, acting as diffusion agents. The automated graphite electrodes were used to study the performance of microfluidic paper fuel cells (MPFCs) with formic acid, oxygen, and sulphuric acid acting as fuel, oxidising agent and electrolyte respectively. From this configuration, the maximum current density and power density were measured to be 1,305.5 µA cm−2 and 135.5 µW cm−2, respectively at 0.3 V stable OCP at 100 strokes. Overall, the study enumerates the development of an automated pencil stroke device for fabricating graphite electrodes, which can potentially be harnessed in numerous miniaturized paper based applications.
format	article
author	Lanka Tata Rao Prakash Rewatkar Satish Kumar Dubey Arshad Javed Sanket Goel
author_facet	Lanka Tata Rao Prakash Rewatkar Satish Kumar Dubey Arshad Javed Sanket Goel
author_sort	Lanka Tata Rao
title	Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
title_short	Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
title_full	Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
title_fullStr	Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
title_full_unstemmed	Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
title_sort	automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa214a9f8515457cbf551b40d131f2c2
work_keys_str_mv	AT lankatatarao automatedpencilelectrodeformationplatformtorealizeuniformandreproduciblegraphiteelectrodesonpaperformicrofluidicfuelcells AT prakashrewatkar automatedpencilelectrodeformationplatformtorealizeuniformandreproduciblegraphiteelectrodesonpaperformicrofluidicfuelcells AT satishkumardubey automatedpencilelectrodeformationplatformtorealizeuniformandreproduciblegraphiteelectrodesonpaperformicrofluidicfuelcells AT arshadjaved automatedpencilelectrodeformationplatformtorealizeuniformandreproduciblegraphiteelectrodesonpaperformicrofluidicfuelcells AT sanketgoel automatedpencilelectrodeformationplatformtorealizeuniformandreproduciblegraphiteelectrodesonpaperformicrofluidicfuelcells
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Automated pencil electrode formation platform to realize uniform and reproducible graphite electrodes on paper for microfluidic fuel cells

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