Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of concern and an investigation of recent spatio‐temporal trends of leptospirosis in dogs in the United States is needed. Leptospira PCR testing has become increasingly used in veterinary clinical medicine and these data might provide informati...

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Autores principales:	Amanda M. Smith, Jason W. Stull, Michelle D. Evason, J. Scott Weese, Thomas E. Wittum, Donald Szlosek, Andréia Gonçalves Arruda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	disease clusters epidemiology infectious disease United States Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa248875da9a475ea53bc0044f0b9301
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa248875da9a475ea53bc0044f0b93012021-11-30T17:01:03ZInvestigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 20161939-16760891-664010.1111/jvim.16060https://doaj.org/article/fa248875da9a475ea53bc0044f0b93012021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16060https://doaj.org/toc/0891-6640https://doaj.org/toc/1939-1676Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of concern and an investigation of recent spatio‐temporal trends of leptospirosis in dogs in the United States is needed. Leptospira PCR testing has become increasingly used in veterinary clinical medicine and these data might provide information on recent trends of disease occurrence. Objectives To identify and describe clusters of PCR‐positive Leptospira test results in dogs in the United States. Animals Leptospira real‐time PCR test results from dogs (n = 40 118) in the United States from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., between 2009 and 2016 were included in the analysis. Methods In this retrospective study, spatio‐temporal clusters for a real‐time PCR‐positive test were identified using the space‐time permutation scan statistic and the centroid of the zip code reported for each test. A maximum spatial window of 20% of the population at risk, and a maximum temporal window of 6 months were used. Results Seven statistically significant space‐time clusters of Leptospira real‐time PCR‐positive test results were identified across the United States: 1 each located within the states of Arizona (2016), California (2014‐2015), Florida (2010), South Carolina (2015), and 1 each located within the south‐central region (2015), midwest region (2014), and northeast region (2011). Clusters ranged from 3 to 108 dogs and were identified during all years under study, except 2009, 2012, and 2013. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The spatial and temporal components of leptospirosis in dogs in this study are similar to those in previous work. However, clusters were identified in new areas, demonstrating the complex epidemiology of this disease.Amanda M. SmithJason W. StullMichelle D. EvasonJ. Scott WeeseThomas E. WittumDonald SzlosekAndréia Gonçalves ArrudaWileyarticledisease clustersepidemiologyinfectious diseaseUnited StatesVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol 35, Iss 3, Pp 1355-1360 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	disease clusters epidemiology infectious disease United States Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	disease clusters epidemiology infectious disease United States Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Amanda M. Smith Jason W. Stull Michelle D. Evason J. Scott Weese Thomas E. Wittum Donald Szlosek Andréia Gonçalves Arruda Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
description	Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of concern and an investigation of recent spatio‐temporal trends of leptospirosis in dogs in the United States is needed. Leptospira PCR testing has become increasingly used in veterinary clinical medicine and these data might provide information on recent trends of disease occurrence. Objectives To identify and describe clusters of PCR‐positive Leptospira test results in dogs in the United States. Animals Leptospira real‐time PCR test results from dogs (n = 40 118) in the United States from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., between 2009 and 2016 were included in the analysis. Methods In this retrospective study, spatio‐temporal clusters for a real‐time PCR‐positive test were identified using the space‐time permutation scan statistic and the centroid of the zip code reported for each test. A maximum spatial window of 20% of the population at risk, and a maximum temporal window of 6 months were used. Results Seven statistically significant space‐time clusters of Leptospira real‐time PCR‐positive test results were identified across the United States: 1 each located within the states of Arizona (2016), California (2014‐2015), Florida (2010), South Carolina (2015), and 1 each located within the south‐central region (2015), midwest region (2014), and northeast region (2011). Clusters ranged from 3 to 108 dogs and were identified during all years under study, except 2009, 2012, and 2013. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The spatial and temporal components of leptospirosis in dogs in this study are similar to those in previous work. However, clusters were identified in new areas, demonstrating the complex epidemiology of this disease.
format	article
author	Amanda M. Smith Jason W. Stull Michelle D. Evason J. Scott Weese Thomas E. Wittum Donald Szlosek Andréia Gonçalves Arruda
author_facet	Amanda M. Smith Jason W. Stull Michelle D. Evason J. Scott Weese Thomas E. Wittum Donald Szlosek Andréia Gonçalves Arruda
author_sort	Amanda M. Smith
title	Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
title_short	Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
title_full	Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
title_fullStr	Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016
title_sort	investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the united states, 2009 to 2016
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa248875da9a475ea53bc0044f0b9301
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Investigation of spatio‐temporal clusters of positive leptospirosis polymerase chain reaction test results in dogs in the United States, 2009 to 2016

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