Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence
In recent years, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has significantly changed due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are the standard of care for second-line treatment and first-line platinum-ineligible patients with advanced disease. Despite the overall s...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:fa29ae1e6f13459d8ecd55cb63cd1b642021-11-11T15:33:50ZPrognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence10.3390/cancers132155172072-6694https://doaj.org/article/fa29ae1e6f13459d8ecd55cb63cd1b642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5517https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694In recent years, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has significantly changed due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are the standard of care for second-line treatment and first-line platinum-ineligible patients with advanced disease. Despite the overall survival improvement, only a minority of patients benefit from this immunotherapy. Therefore, there is an unmet need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers or models to select patients who will benefit from ICIs, especially in view of novel therapeutic agents. This review describes the prognostic and predictive role, and clinical readiness, of clinical and tumour factors, including new molecular classes, tumour mutational burden, mutational signatures, circulating tumour DNA, programmed death-ligand 1, inflammatory indices and clinical characteristics for patients with urothelial cancer treated with ICIs. A classification of these factors according to the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation currently indicates both a prognostic and predictive value for ctDNA and a prognostic relevance only for concomitant medications and patients’ characteristics.Sara Elena RebuzziGiuseppe Luigi BannaVeronica MurianniAlessandra DamassiEmilio Francesco GiuntaFilippo FraggettaUgo De GiorgiRichard CathomasPasquale RescignoMatteo BrunelliGiuseppe FornariniMDPI AGarticleadvanced urothelial carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmunotherapyprognosticbiomarkerstumour mutational boardNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5517, p 5517 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
advanced urothelial carcinoma immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy prognostic biomarkers tumour mutational board Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 |
| spellingShingle |
advanced urothelial carcinoma immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy prognostic biomarkers tumour mutational board Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Sara Elena Rebuzzi Giuseppe Luigi Banna Veronica Murianni Alessandra Damassi Emilio Francesco Giunta Filippo Fraggetta Ugo De Giorgi Richard Cathomas Pasquale Rescigno Matteo Brunelli Giuseppe Fornarini Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| description |
In recent years, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has significantly changed due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are the standard of care for second-line treatment and first-line platinum-ineligible patients with advanced disease. Despite the overall survival improvement, only a minority of patients benefit from this immunotherapy. Therefore, there is an unmet need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers or models to select patients who will benefit from ICIs, especially in view of novel therapeutic agents. This review describes the prognostic and predictive role, and clinical readiness, of clinical and tumour factors, including new molecular classes, tumour mutational burden, mutational signatures, circulating tumour DNA, programmed death-ligand 1, inflammatory indices and clinical characteristics for patients with urothelial cancer treated with ICIs. A classification of these factors according to the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation currently indicates both a prognostic and predictive value for ctDNA and a prognostic relevance only for concomitant medications and patients’ characteristics. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Sara Elena Rebuzzi Giuseppe Luigi Banna Veronica Murianni Alessandra Damassi Emilio Francesco Giunta Filippo Fraggetta Ugo De Giorgi Richard Cathomas Pasquale Rescigno Matteo Brunelli Giuseppe Fornarini |
| author_facet |
Sara Elena Rebuzzi Giuseppe Luigi Banna Veronica Murianni Alessandra Damassi Emilio Francesco Giunta Filippo Fraggetta Ugo De Giorgi Richard Cathomas Pasquale Rescigno Matteo Brunelli Giuseppe Fornarini |
| author_sort |
Sara Elena Rebuzzi |
| title |
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| title_short |
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| title_full |
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| title_fullStr |
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence |
| title_sort |
prognostic and predictive factors in advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review of the current evidence |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/fa29ae1e6f13459d8ecd55cb63cd1b64 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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