First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

Abstract Among macrocyclic lactones (ML), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) potentially affect all Ecdysozoan species, with dung beetles being particularly sensitive. The comparative effects of IVM and MOX on adult dung beetles were assessed for the first time to determine both the physiological...

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Autores principales:	José R. Verdú, Vieyle Cortez, Juan Martinez-Pinna, Antonio J. Ortiz, Jean-Pierre Lumaret, Jorge M. Lobo, Francisco Sánchez-Piñero, Catherine Numa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Adult Dung Beetles Moxidectin (MOX) Ivermectin (IVM) Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) Ecdysozoan Species Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa420fa32ba84033a9ca177a91f1da81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa420fa32ba84033a9ca177a91f1da812021-12-02T15:08:04ZFirst assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences10.1038/s41598-018-33241-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fa420fa32ba84033a9ca177a91f1da812018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33241-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Among macrocyclic lactones (ML), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) potentially affect all Ecdysozoan species, with dung beetles being particularly sensitive. The comparative effects of IVM and MOX on adult dung beetles were assessed for the first time to determine both the physiological sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences. Inhibition of antennal response and ataxia were tested as two intuitive and ecologically relevant parameters by obtaining the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values and interpolating other relevant toxicity thresholds derived from concentration-response curves (IC50, as the concentration of each ML where the antennal response is inhibited by half; and pLC50, as the quantity of ingested ML where partial paralysis was observed by half of treated individuals) from concentration-response curves. Both sub-lethal and pre-lethal symptoms obtained in this study coincided in that IVM was six times more toxic than MOX for adult dung beetles. Values of LOEC, IC50 and pLC50 obtained for IVM and MOX evaluated in an environmental context indicate that MOX, despite needing more time for its elimination in the faeces, would be half as harmful to dung beetles as IVM. This approach will be valuable to clarify the real impact of MLs on dung beetle health and to avoid the subsequent environmental consequences.José R. VerdúVieyle CortezJuan Martinez-PinnaAntonio J. OrtizJean-Pierre LumaretJorge M. LoboFrancisco Sánchez-PiñeroCatherine NumaNature PortfolioarticleAdult Dung BeetlesMoxidectin (MOX)Ivermectin (IVM)Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC)Ecdysozoan SpeciesMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Adult Dung Beetles Moxidectin (MOX) Ivermectin (IVM) Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) Ecdysozoan Species Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Adult Dung Beetles Moxidectin (MOX) Ivermectin (IVM) Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) Ecdysozoan Species Medicine R Science Q José R. Verdú Vieyle Cortez Juan Martinez-Pinna Antonio J. Ortiz Jean-Pierre Lumaret Jorge M. Lobo Francisco Sánchez-Piñero Catherine Numa First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
description	Abstract Among macrocyclic lactones (ML), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) potentially affect all Ecdysozoan species, with dung beetles being particularly sensitive. The comparative effects of IVM and MOX on adult dung beetles were assessed for the first time to determine both the physiological sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences. Inhibition of antennal response and ataxia were tested as two intuitive and ecologically relevant parameters by obtaining the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values and interpolating other relevant toxicity thresholds derived from concentration-response curves (IC50, as the concentration of each ML where the antennal response is inhibited by half; and pLC50, as the quantity of ingested ML where partial paralysis was observed by half of treated individuals) from concentration-response curves. Both sub-lethal and pre-lethal symptoms obtained in this study coincided in that IVM was six times more toxic than MOX for adult dung beetles. Values of LOEC, IC50 and pLC50 obtained for IVM and MOX evaluated in an environmental context indicate that MOX, despite needing more time for its elimination in the faeces, would be half as harmful to dung beetles as IVM. This approach will be valuable to clarify the real impact of MLs on dung beetle health and to avoid the subsequent environmental consequences.
format	article
author	José R. Verdú Vieyle Cortez Juan Martinez-Pinna Antonio J. Ortiz Jean-Pierre Lumaret Jorge M. Lobo Francisco Sánchez-Piñero Catherine Numa
author_facet	José R. Verdú Vieyle Cortez Juan Martinez-Pinna Antonio J. Ortiz Jean-Pierre Lumaret Jorge M. Lobo Francisco Sánchez-Piñero Catherine Numa
author_sort	José R. Verdú
title	First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
title_short	First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
title_full	First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
title_fullStr	First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
title_full_unstemmed	First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
title_sort	first assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa420fa32ba84033a9ca177a91f1da81
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First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

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