G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran

Abstract Background The islands in the Persian Gulf are home to several species of gazelles, i.e., Gazella bennettii, G. subgutturosa, and a new subspecies of Mountain gazelles which was discovered on Farur Island and described for the first time in 1993 as Gazella gazella dareshurii. Later, phyloge...

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Autores principales:	Davoud Fadakar, Mojdeh Raam, Hannes Lerp, Ali Ostovar, Hamid Reza Rezaei, Eva V. Bärmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Ungulate Mountain gazelles Vicariance Last glacial maximum Persian Gulf Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa50b8a131964655a5294c5e61549e0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa50b8a131964655a5294c5e61549e0a2021-12-05T12:04:14ZG azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran10.1186/s12862-021-01943-12730-7182https://doaj.org/article/fa50b8a131964655a5294c5e61549e0a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01943-1https://doaj.org/toc/2730-7182Abstract Background The islands in the Persian Gulf are home to several species of gazelles, i.e., Gazella bennettii, G. subgutturosa, and a new subspecies of Mountain gazelles which was discovered on Farur Island and described for the first time in 1993 as Gazella gazella dareshurii. Later, phylogenetic analyses showed that the Mountain gazelles consist of two species: G. gazella and G. arabica. As the Farur gazelles are more closely related to the Arabian forms of the Mountain gazelles, this subspecies is regarded to be G. arabica dareshurii. Until now, the origin of this subspecies has been an enigma. Results Here, we used mitochondrial cyt b, two nuclear introns (CHD2 and ZNF618), and morphological data to address this question by investigating the taxonomic position of the Farur gazelles. The results show that this population is monophyletic and split from other G. arabica populations probably 10,000 BP. Conclusions It is a natural relict population that was trapped on the island due to the rising sea levels of the Persian Gulf after the Last Glacial Maximum. Intermittent drought and flooding are suggested to be the main factors balancing population growth in the absence of natural predators on this monsoon-influenced island. Conservation actions should focus on preserving the natural situation of the island (cease introducing mesquite tree and other invasive species, stop building new construction and roads, and caution in providing water sources and forage), and possibly introducing individuals to other islands (not inhabited by gazelles) or to fenced areas on the Iranian mainland (strictly isolated from other gazelle populations) when the population reaches the carrying capacity of the island.Davoud FadakarMojdeh RaamHannes LerpAli OstovarHamid Reza RezaeiEva V. BärmannBMCarticleUngulateMountain gazellesVicarianceLast glacial maximumPersian GulfEcologyQH540-549.5EvolutionQH359-425ENBMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ungulate Mountain gazelles Vicariance Last glacial maximum Persian Gulf Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
spellingShingle	Ungulate Mountain gazelles Vicariance Last glacial maximum Persian Gulf Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425 Davoud Fadakar Mojdeh Raam Hannes Lerp Ali Ostovar Hamid Reza Rezaei Eva V. Bärmann G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
description	Abstract Background The islands in the Persian Gulf are home to several species of gazelles, i.e., Gazella bennettii, G. subgutturosa, and a new subspecies of Mountain gazelles which was discovered on Farur Island and described for the first time in 1993 as Gazella gazella dareshurii. Later, phylogenetic analyses showed that the Mountain gazelles consist of two species: G. gazella and G. arabica. As the Farur gazelles are more closely related to the Arabian forms of the Mountain gazelles, this subspecies is regarded to be G. arabica dareshurii. Until now, the origin of this subspecies has been an enigma. Results Here, we used mitochondrial cyt b, two nuclear introns (CHD2 and ZNF618), and morphological data to address this question by investigating the taxonomic position of the Farur gazelles. The results show that this population is monophyletic and split from other G. arabica populations probably 10,000 BP. Conclusions It is a natural relict population that was trapped on the island due to the rising sea levels of the Persian Gulf after the Last Glacial Maximum. Intermittent drought and flooding are suggested to be the main factors balancing population growth in the absence of natural predators on this monsoon-influenced island. Conservation actions should focus on preserving the natural situation of the island (cease introducing mesquite tree and other invasive species, stop building new construction and roads, and caution in providing water sources and forage), and possibly introducing individuals to other islands (not inhabited by gazelles) or to fenced areas on the Iranian mainland (strictly isolated from other gazelle populations) when the population reaches the carrying capacity of the island.
format	article
author	Davoud Fadakar Mojdeh Raam Hannes Lerp Ali Ostovar Hamid Reza Rezaei Eva V. Bärmann
author_facet	Davoud Fadakar Mojdeh Raam Hannes Lerp Ali Ostovar Hamid Reza Rezaei Eva V. Bärmann
author_sort	Davoud Fadakar
title	G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
title_short	G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
title_full	G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
title_fullStr	G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
title_full_unstemmed	G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran
title_sort	g azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on farur island, iran
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa50b8a131964655a5294c5e61549e0a
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G azella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran

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