HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY

Abstract: In the 19th century the hunger for raw materials in the big European countries like England, France and Germany and the political rivalry among these countries cause colonialism to reach its peak. In the same period, along with these countries, colonialism continues its existence in Belgiu...

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Autor principal:	Arzu ÖZYÖN
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	DE EN FR TR
Publicado:	Fırat University 2019
Materias:	heart of darkness congo king leopold ii. colonialism theft Social Sciences H Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa5e7ac294324ad3a547696a3a96d422
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa5e7ac294324ad3a547696a3a96d4222021-11-24T09:20:52ZHEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY2148-416310.9761/JASSS3290https://doaj.org/article/fa5e7ac294324ad3a547696a3a96d4222019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jasstudies.com/index.jsp?mod=tammetin&makaleadi=1034753475_27-Okt.%20Arzu%20%C3%96ZY%C3%96N.pdf&key=27760https://doaj.org/toc/2148-4163Abstract: In the 19th century the hunger for raw materials in the big European countries like England, France and Germany and the political rivalry among these countries cause colonialism to reach its peak. In the same period, along with these countries, colonialism continues its existence in Belgium, strikingly. However, the difference of Belgium’s colony Congo, from the other colonies is that it is the private property of King Leopold II. and owing to this he has commited cruel practices, genocide and theft in Congo for 23 years. In this context, this study reveals the parallels between the fictional realities in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and the aforementioned experiences lived during Leopold’s period and deals with the novel(la) as a novel(la) of theft. It is an undeniable fact that story, novel, play and even poetry reflect the social, political and economic conditions of the era they were born within. It is the function of the literature sociology constructed on the Marxist criticism to search and determine the relationship between literature including literary works and the social conditions. In Marxist criticism the substructure formed of means of production and relations of production defines the superstructure formed of elements like culture, religion, language, government and traditions in society. When Marxist criticism is handled in terms of literature along with the sociological context, it is seen that it has reflection theory and realism in its basis. In the 19th and 20th centuries Marxist literature theorists took the reflection theory going back to Aristoteles and interpreted it in terms of economy and substructure-superstructure relations mentioned above. Taking this as a starting point, Marxist criticism method supposes that there is a close relationship between literary works and social structure. Besides, Marxist criticism consists of the notion that literature and thus literary works are a means of production, which was pioneered by Althusser and became valid in 1960s. In this case, the author is a producer who takes the ideology or in other words, the raw material present in the society, and handles and changes it by means of literature in order to produce a new product. In brief, it is out of question that either society of the ideology existing in the society is reflected directly. That means, the literary works are not mirrors reflecting the society exactly, as they do according to the reflection theory of Aristoteles, but a neArzu ÖZYÖNFırat Universityarticleheart of darknesscongoking leopold ii.colonialismtheftSocial SciencesHSocial sciences (General)H1-99DEENFRTRJournal of Academic Social Science Studies , Vol 9, Iss 43, Pp 463-474 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	DE EN FR TR
topic	heart of darkness congo king leopold ii. colonialism theft Social Sciences H Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	heart of darkness congo king leopold ii. colonialism theft Social Sciences H Social sciences (General) H1-99 Arzu ÖZYÖN HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
description	Abstract: In the 19th century the hunger for raw materials in the big European countries like England, France and Germany and the political rivalry among these countries cause colonialism to reach its peak. In the same period, along with these countries, colonialism continues its existence in Belgium, strikingly. However, the difference of Belgium’s colony Congo, from the other colonies is that it is the private property of King Leopold II. and owing to this he has commited cruel practices, genocide and theft in Congo for 23 years. In this context, this study reveals the parallels between the fictional realities in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and the aforementioned experiences lived during Leopold’s period and deals with the novel(la) as a novel(la) of theft. It is an undeniable fact that story, novel, play and even poetry reflect the social, political and economic conditions of the era they were born within. It is the function of the literature sociology constructed on the Marxist criticism to search and determine the relationship between literature including literary works and the social conditions. In Marxist criticism the substructure formed of means of production and relations of production defines the superstructure formed of elements like culture, religion, language, government and traditions in society. When Marxist criticism is handled in terms of literature along with the sociological context, it is seen that it has reflection theory and realism in its basis. In the 19th and 20th centuries Marxist literature theorists took the reflection theory going back to Aristoteles and interpreted it in terms of economy and substructure-superstructure relations mentioned above. Taking this as a starting point, Marxist criticism method supposes that there is a close relationship between literary works and social structure. Besides, Marxist criticism consists of the notion that literature and thus literary works are a means of production, which was pioneered by Althusser and became valid in 1960s. In this case, the author is a producer who takes the ideology or in other words, the raw material present in the society, and handles and changes it by means of literature in order to produce a new product. In brief, it is out of question that either society of the ideology existing in the society is reflected directly. That means, the literary works are not mirrors reflecting the society exactly, as they do according to the reflection theory of Aristoteles, but a ne
format	article
author	Arzu ÖZYÖN
author_facet	Arzu ÖZYÖN
author_sort	Arzu ÖZYÖN
title	HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
title_short	HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
title_full	HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
title_fullStr	HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
title_full_unstemmed	HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY
title_sort	heart of darkness beats in congo: the story of 23 years of captivity and atrocity
publisher	Fırat University
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa5e7ac294324ad3a547696a3a96d422
work_keys_str_mv	AT arzuozyon heartofdarknessbeatsincongothestoryof23yearsofcaptivityandatrocity
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HEART OF DARKNESS BEATS IN CONGO: THE STORY OF 23 YEARS OF CAPTIVITY AND ATROCITY

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