A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India

Data on food environments in India and other low- and middle-income countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the four dimensions of the external domain of food environments (availability, price, vendor and product properties, and marketing) in food establishments in the Nation...

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Autores principales:	Monica Chaudhry, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Monu Bansal, Palak Mahajan, Ayushi Singh, Shweta Khandelwal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	nutrition food supply food acquisition fruits and vegetables ultra-processed food food price Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa64e71c459048d68de400b9fa464196
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa64e71c459048d68de400b9fa4641962021-12-01T18:55:37ZA Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India2571-581X10.3389/fsufs.2021.726819https://doaj.org/article/fa64e71c459048d68de400b9fa4641962021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.726819/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2571-581XData on food environments in India and other low- and middle-income countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the four dimensions of the external domain of food environments (availability, price, vendor and product properties, and marketing) in food establishments in the National Capital Region of India. The assessment focused on fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed foods. The 60 food establishments surveyed were categorized as stores, restaurants, or mobile food vendors. Only 13.3% of food establishments sold fruits and vegetables. Stores were more likely to sell vegetables than mobile food vendors (14.8 vs. 6.2%, respectively) and sold a greater variety of both fruits and vegetables as compared to mobile food vendors [mean (SD) of 8.6 (3.2) fruits and 18.6 (9.2) vegetables available at stores vs. 5.5 (5.7) fruits and 25 vegetables available at the one mobile food vendor who sold vegetables]. However, these healthy food items were more expensive at stores. The availability (100% of stores, 12.5% of mobile food vendors, and 12.5% of restaurants) and variety (156 types) of ultra-processed foods across food establishments were higher than fruits and vegetables. A greater percentage of food establishments displayed advertisements for ultra-processed foods as compared to unprocessed or minimally processed foods such as fruits and vegetables. The National Capital Region of India has an unhealthy food environment. Regulations that limit the availability of ultra-processed foods and improve the availability and affordability of fruits and vegetables are needed to reverse the rising tide of chronic non-communicable diseases in this setting.Monica ChaudhryLindsay M. JaacksMonu BansalPalak MahajanAyushi SinghShweta KhandelwalFrontiers Media S.A.articlenutritionfood supplyfood acquisitionfruits and vegetablesultra-processed foodfood priceNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641Food processing and manufactureTP368-456ENFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nutrition food supply food acquisition fruits and vegetables ultra-processed food food price Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
spellingShingle	nutrition food supply food acquisition fruits and vegetables ultra-processed food food price Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Monica Chaudhry Lindsay M. Jaacks Monu Bansal Palak Mahajan Ayushi Singh Shweta Khandelwal A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
description	Data on food environments in India and other low- and middle-income countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the four dimensions of the external domain of food environments (availability, price, vendor and product properties, and marketing) in food establishments in the National Capital Region of India. The assessment focused on fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed foods. The 60 food establishments surveyed were categorized as stores, restaurants, or mobile food vendors. Only 13.3% of food establishments sold fruits and vegetables. Stores were more likely to sell vegetables than mobile food vendors (14.8 vs. 6.2%, respectively) and sold a greater variety of both fruits and vegetables as compared to mobile food vendors [mean (SD) of 8.6 (3.2) fruits and 18.6 (9.2) vegetables available at stores vs. 5.5 (5.7) fruits and 25 vegetables available at the one mobile food vendor who sold vegetables]. However, these healthy food items were more expensive at stores. The availability (100% of stores, 12.5% of mobile food vendors, and 12.5% of restaurants) and variety (156 types) of ultra-processed foods across food establishments were higher than fruits and vegetables. A greater percentage of food establishments displayed advertisements for ultra-processed foods as compared to unprocessed or minimally processed foods such as fruits and vegetables. The National Capital Region of India has an unhealthy food environment. Regulations that limit the availability of ultra-processed foods and improve the availability and affordability of fruits and vegetables are needed to reverse the rising tide of chronic non-communicable diseases in this setting.
format	article
author	Monica Chaudhry Lindsay M. Jaacks Monu Bansal Palak Mahajan Ayushi Singh Shweta Khandelwal
author_facet	Monica Chaudhry Lindsay M. Jaacks Monu Bansal Palak Mahajan Ayushi Singh Shweta Khandelwal
author_sort	Monica Chaudhry
title	A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
title_short	A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
title_full	A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
title_fullStr	A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
title_full_unstemmed	A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India
title_sort	direct assessment of the external domain of food environments in the national capital region of india
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa64e71c459048d68de400b9fa464196
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A Direct Assessment of the External Domain of Food Environments in the National Capital Region of India

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