The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality

Liquefied wood (LW) is a promising natural material that can be used as a part of the adhesive formulation. However, adhesive bonds made of LW only, have low durability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to increase the durability of adhesive bonds containing LW. LW was obtained with liquefactio...

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Autores principales:	Aleš Ugovšek, Franc Budija, Mirko Kariž, Milan Šernek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology 2011
Materias:	adhesive condensed tannin FT-IR liquefied wood shear strength Forestry SD1-669.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fa8f425739b44c9089864b9d3eac948b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fa8f425739b44c9089864b9d3eac948b2021-12-02T07:53:26ZThe Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality0012-67721847-1153https://doaj.org/article/fa8f425739b44c9089864b9d3eac948b2011-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://hrcak.srce.hr/file/103516https://doaj.org/toc/0012-6772https://doaj.org/toc/1847-1153Liquefied wood (LW) is a promising natural material that can be used as a part of the adhesive formulation. However, adhesive bonds made of LW only, have low durability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to increase the durability of adhesive bonds containing LW. LW was obtained with liquefaction of black poplar wood in ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent and sulphuric acid (SA) as the catalyst. An optimal time of 120 minutes and a wood/EG mass ratio of 1:3 was defi ned for liquefaction at 180 °C. After liquefaction, the EG was evaporated in order to achieve a low solvent content LW with a fi nal mass ratio of 1:1. A hydroxyl number for 1:3 and 1:1 LW was determined in order to examine the reduction of hydroxyl groups. Four different adhesive mixtures were prepared: LW with a mass ratio of 1:1 (LW1:1 ), LW with a mass ratio of 1:3 (LW1:3 ), LW with a mass ratio of 1:1 and added condensed tannin (CT) (LW1:1 /CT), and LW with a mass ratio of 1:3 and added CT (LW1:3 /CT). The solid beech wood lamellas, which were bonded with these adhesive mixtures, were tested directly after bonding, and later on, after 7, 30 and 50 days. The test results indicated greater bonding shear strength in the case of LW1:1 compared to LW1:3. The addition of CT did not contribute to essentially higher shear strength values. The adhesive mixtures LW1:1 and LW1:1 /CT (uncured and cured) were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. No significant differences were observed between the cured LW1:1 and the LW1:1 /CT samples.Aleš UgovšekFranc BudijaMirko KarižMilan ŠernekUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technologyarticleadhesivecondensed tanninFT-IRliquefied woodshear strengthForestrySD1-669.5ENDrvna Industrija, Vol 62, Iss 2, Pp 87-95 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adhesive condensed tannin FT-IR liquefied wood shear strength Forestry SD1-669.5
spellingShingle	adhesive condensed tannin FT-IR liquefied wood shear strength Forestry SD1-669.5 Aleš Ugovšek Franc Budija Mirko Kariž Milan Šernek The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
description	Liquefied wood (LW) is a promising natural material that can be used as a part of the adhesive formulation. However, adhesive bonds made of LW only, have low durability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to increase the durability of adhesive bonds containing LW. LW was obtained with liquefaction of black poplar wood in ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent and sulphuric acid (SA) as the catalyst. An optimal time of 120 minutes and a wood/EG mass ratio of 1:3 was defi ned for liquefaction at 180 °C. After liquefaction, the EG was evaporated in order to achieve a low solvent content LW with a fi nal mass ratio of 1:1. A hydroxyl number for 1:3 and 1:1 LW was determined in order to examine the reduction of hydroxyl groups. Four different adhesive mixtures were prepared: LW with a mass ratio of 1:1 (LW1:1 ), LW with a mass ratio of 1:3 (LW1:3 ), LW with a mass ratio of 1:1 and added condensed tannin (CT) (LW1:1 /CT), and LW with a mass ratio of 1:3 and added CT (LW1:3 /CT). The solid beech wood lamellas, which were bonded with these adhesive mixtures, were tested directly after bonding, and later on, after 7, 30 and 50 days. The test results indicated greater bonding shear strength in the case of LW1:1 compared to LW1:3. The addition of CT did not contribute to essentially higher shear strength values. The adhesive mixtures LW1:1 and LW1:1 /CT (uncured and cured) were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. No significant differences were observed between the cured LW1:1 and the LW1:1 /CT samples.
format	article
author	Aleš Ugovšek Franc Budija Mirko Kariž Milan Šernek
author_facet	Aleš Ugovšek Franc Budija Mirko Kariž Milan Šernek
author_sort	Aleš Ugovšek
title	The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
title_short	The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
title_full	The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
title_fullStr	The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
title_full_unstemmed	The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality
title_sort	influence of solvent content in liquefied wood and of the addition of condensed tannin on bonding quality
publisher	University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/fa8f425739b44c9089864b9d3eac948b
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The Influence of Solvent Content in Liquefied Wood and of the Addition of Condensed Tannin on Bonding Quality

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