Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.

<h4>Background</h4>Studies suggest that neighborhood ethnic diversity may be important when it comes to understanding ethnic inequalities in mental health. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether neighborhood ethnic diversity moderated the association between the ethnic...

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Autores principales:	Ilse J E Flink, Rick G Prins, Johan J P Mackenbach, Vincent W Jaddoe, Albert Hofman, Frank C Verhulst, Henning Tiemeier, Hein Raat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/face96ab59324580a6f0955d9a64e673
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:face96ab59324580a6f0955d9a64e6732021-11-18T08:59:46ZNeighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070070https://doaj.org/article/face96ab59324580a6f0955d9a64e6732013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23967068/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Studies suggest that neighborhood ethnic diversity may be important when it comes to understanding ethnic inequalities in mental health. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether neighborhood ethnic diversity moderated the association between the ethnic minority status and child behavioral and emotional problems.<h4>Methods</h4>We included 3076 preschoolers participating in the Generation R Study, a birth cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. At child age 3-years, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1,5-5). Individual-level data, assessed with questionnaires, was combined with neighborhood-level data. Multi-level logistic regression models predicted the Odds Ratios for the CBCL total problems score as a function of maternal ethnic background and neighborhood ethnic diversity, computed with the Racial Diversity Index and categorized into tertiles. Interaction on the additive scale was assessed using Relative Access Risk due to Interaction.<h4>Results</h4>Being from an ethnic minority was associated with child behavioral and emotional problems in unadjusted (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.88-4.04) and adjusted models (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.79-3.92). Residing in a high diversity neighborhood was associated with child behavioral and emotional problems in unadjusted (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.13-3.64) but not in adjusted models (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.51-1.57). When stratifying by the three levels of neighborhood ethnic diversity, ethnic inequalities in behavioral and emotional problems were greatest in low diversity neighborhoods (OR 5.24, 95%CI 2.47-11.14), smaller in high diversity neighborhoods (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.66-5.99) and smallest in medium diversity neighborhoods (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.90-2.82). Tests for interaction (when comparing medium to low diversity neighborhoods) trended towards negative on both the additive and multiplicative scale for the maternal-report (RERI: -3.22, 95% CI -0.70-0.59; Ratio of ORs: 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.76).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study suggests that ethnic inequalities in child behavioral and emotional problems may be greatest in ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods.Ilse J E FlinkRick G PrinsJohan J P MackenbachVincent W JaddoeAlbert HofmanFrank C VerhulstHenning TiemeierHein RaatPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e70070 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ilse J E Flink Rick G Prins Johan J P Mackenbach Vincent W Jaddoe Albert Hofman Frank C Verhulst Henning Tiemeier Hein Raat Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Studies suggest that neighborhood ethnic diversity may be important when it comes to understanding ethnic inequalities in mental health. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether neighborhood ethnic diversity moderated the association between the ethnic minority status and child behavioral and emotional problems.<h4>Methods</h4>We included 3076 preschoolers participating in the Generation R Study, a birth cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. At child age 3-years, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1,5-5). Individual-level data, assessed with questionnaires, was combined with neighborhood-level data. Multi-level logistic regression models predicted the Odds Ratios for the CBCL total problems score as a function of maternal ethnic background and neighborhood ethnic diversity, computed with the Racial Diversity Index and categorized into tertiles. Interaction on the additive scale was assessed using Relative Access Risk due to Interaction.<h4>Results</h4>Being from an ethnic minority was associated with child behavioral and emotional problems in unadjusted (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.88-4.04) and adjusted models (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.79-3.92). Residing in a high diversity neighborhood was associated with child behavioral and emotional problems in unadjusted (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.13-3.64) but not in adjusted models (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.51-1.57). When stratifying by the three levels of neighborhood ethnic diversity, ethnic inequalities in behavioral and emotional problems were greatest in low diversity neighborhoods (OR 5.24, 95%CI 2.47-11.14), smaller in high diversity neighborhoods (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.66-5.99) and smallest in medium diversity neighborhoods (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.90-2.82). Tests for interaction (when comparing medium to low diversity neighborhoods) trended towards negative on both the additive and multiplicative scale for the maternal-report (RERI: -3.22, 95% CI -0.70-0.59; Ratio of ORs: 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.76).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study suggests that ethnic inequalities in child behavioral and emotional problems may be greatest in ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods.
format	article
author	Ilse J E Flink Rick G Prins Johan J P Mackenbach Vincent W Jaddoe Albert Hofman Frank C Verhulst Henning Tiemeier Hein Raat
author_facet	Ilse J E Flink Rick G Prins Johan J P Mackenbach Vincent W Jaddoe Albert Hofman Frank C Verhulst Henning Tiemeier Hein Raat
author_sort	Ilse J E Flink
title	Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
title_short	Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
title_full	Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
title_fullStr	Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
title_full_unstemmed	Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.
title_sort	neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the generation r study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/face96ab59324580a6f0955d9a64e673
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Neighborhood ethnic diversity and behavioral and emotional problems in 3 year olds: results from the Generation R Study.

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