Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash

Soil acidity compromises agricultural output in tropical acid soils. Highly weathered tropical acidic soils are characterized by low pH, organic matter, nutrient availability, but high aluminium and iron concentration. Hence, N availability becomes a limiting factor in such soils. To this end, these...

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Autores principales:	Nur Hidayah Hamidi, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Latifah Omar, Huck Ywih Ch’ng, Prisca Divra Johan, Puvan Paramisparam, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	chelation deprotonation liming effect functional groups porosity decarboxylation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/faf3842a33b040a98f8ba875c2b5bb2a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:faf3842a33b040a98f8ba875c2b5bb2a2021-11-11T19:30:49ZAcid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash10.3390/su1321118082071-1050https://doaj.org/article/faf3842a33b040a98f8ba875c2b5bb2a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11808https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Soil acidity compromises agricultural output in tropical acid soils. Highly weathered tropical acidic soils are characterized by low pH, organic matter, nutrient availability, but high aluminium and iron concentration. Hence, N availability becomes a limiting factor in such soils. To this end, these leaching and pH buffering capacity studies were conducted to determine the effects of co-application of charcoal and sago bark ash on the N leaching or retention and pH buffering capacity of acid soils. The soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days by spraying distilled water to each container with soil such that the leachates were collected for analysis. The rate of urea used was fixed at 100% of the recommended rate. The rates of charcoal and sago bark ash were varied by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, of the recommended rates. The pH buffering capacity was calculated as the negative reciprocal of the slope of the linear regression. The leaching study revealed that the combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea does not only reduce leaching of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> but the approach also improves soil pH, total C, and soil exchangeable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. This effect is related to the fact that the sago bark ash deprotonates the functional groups of charcoal because of its neutralizing components such as Ca, Mg, Na, and K ions. As a result, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash was able to retain NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the soil. The carbonates in the sago bark ash and functional groups of charcoal improve pH buffering capacity. Thus, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash improved soil exchangeable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, soil pH, and soil total C, but reduced exchangeable acidity and amount of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> leached out from soil. This study will be further evaluated in a pot trial to confirm the results of the present findings.Nur Hidayah HamidiOsumanu Haruna AhmedLatifah OmarHuck Ywih Ch’ngPrisca Divra JohanPuvan ParamisparamMohamadu Boyie JallohMDPI AGarticlechelationdeprotonationliming effectfunctional groupsporositydecarboxylationEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11808, p 11808 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chelation deprotonation liming effect functional groups porosity decarboxylation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	chelation deprotonation liming effect functional groups porosity decarboxylation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Nur Hidayah Hamidi Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Latifah Omar Huck Ywih Ch’ng Prisca Divra Johan Puvan Paramisparam Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
description	Soil acidity compromises agricultural output in tropical acid soils. Highly weathered tropical acidic soils are characterized by low pH, organic matter, nutrient availability, but high aluminium and iron concentration. Hence, N availability becomes a limiting factor in such soils. To this end, these leaching and pH buffering capacity studies were conducted to determine the effects of co-application of charcoal and sago bark ash on the N leaching or retention and pH buffering capacity of acid soils. The soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days by spraying distilled water to each container with soil such that the leachates were collected for analysis. The rate of urea used was fixed at 100% of the recommended rate. The rates of charcoal and sago bark ash were varied by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, of the recommended rates. The pH buffering capacity was calculated as the negative reciprocal of the slope of the linear regression. The leaching study revealed that the combined use of charcoal, sago bark ash, and urea does not only reduce leaching of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> but the approach also improves soil pH, total C, and soil exchangeable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. This effect is related to the fact that the sago bark ash deprotonates the functional groups of charcoal because of its neutralizing components such as Ca, Mg, Na, and K ions. As a result, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash was able to retain NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the soil. The carbonates in the sago bark ash and functional groups of charcoal improve pH buffering capacity. Thus, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash improved soil exchangeable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, soil pH, and soil total C, but reduced exchangeable acidity and amount of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> leached out from soil. This study will be further evaluated in a pot trial to confirm the results of the present findings.
format	article
author	Nur Hidayah Hamidi Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Latifah Omar Huck Ywih Ch’ng Prisca Divra Johan Puvan Paramisparam Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh
author_facet	Nur Hidayah Hamidi Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Latifah Omar Huck Ywih Ch’ng Prisca Divra Johan Puvan Paramisparam Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh
author_sort	Nur Hidayah Hamidi
title	Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
title_short	Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
title_full	Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
title_fullStr	Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
title_full_unstemmed	Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash
title_sort	acid soils nitrogen leaching and buffering capacity mitigation using charcoal and sago bark ash
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/faf3842a33b040a98f8ba875c2b5bb2a
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Acid Soils Nitrogen Leaching and Buffering Capacity Mitigation Using Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash

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