The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system

Spacecraft thermal control systems based on two-phase mechanically pumped loops have advantages in terms of mass and power consumption for auxiliary needs compared to single-phase thermal control systems. However, the disadvantage of two-phase mechanically pumped loops is that when changing the heat...

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Autores principales: Artem Hodunov, Gennady Gorbenko, Pavel Gakal
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Publicado: National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute» 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:fb28130972eb4717be30b770fa752bf22021-11-09T07:54:20ZThe calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system1727-73372663-221710.32620/aktt.2021.5.02https://doaj.org/article/fb28130972eb4717be30b770fa752bf22021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://nti.khai.edu/ojs/index.php/aktt/article/view/1544https://doaj.org/toc/1727-7337https://doaj.org/toc/2663-2217Spacecraft thermal control systems based on two-phase mechanically pumped loops have advantages in terms of mass and power consumption for auxiliary needs compared to single-phase thermal control systems. However, the disadvantage of two-phase mechanically pumped loops is that when changing the heat load and heat removal conditions, when switching from single-phase to two-phase operation mode and vice versa, the amount of working fluid in the loop changes significantly, which requires the use of a large volume heat-controlled accumulator.  Therefore, determining the minimum required volume of the heat-controlled accumulator for the loop operation is an urgent task due to the need to maintain the performance of the l loop at a minimum and maximum heat loads and minimize the mass of the structure and the working fluid charged. When determining the volume of the heat-controlled accumulator, it is necessary to correctly calculate the mass of the fluid in the loop during the two-phase operation mode. The mass of the fluid depends on the void fraction, which depends significantly on the phase slip. Many models and correlations have been proposed to calculate the phase slip factor. However, they all require justification for the parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems and weightlessness conditions.   The paper presents the results of ground-based experiments, based on which the verification of different models and correlations for phase slip was performed. The validation of models and correlations for the conditions of weightlessness was performed by comparing the results with the horizontal and vertical orientation of the elements of the experimental setup. The working fluid is ammonia. The experiments showed that the best coincidence of calculation and experience is provided by Chisholm correlation. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values did not exceed +/-7% in the entire range of study parameters both for horizontal and vertical orientations, which allow us to recommend the Chisholm correlation for determining the coolant mass in the two-phase mechanically pumped loops for parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems, including zero-gravity conditions.Artem HodunovGennady GorbenkoPavel GakalNational Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute»articlespacecraftweightlessnessthermal control systemtwo-phase mechanically pumped loopheat-controlled accumulatorvolumeammoniaslip factorMotor vehicles. Aeronautics. AstronauticsTL1-4050ENRUUKАвіаційно-космічна техніка та технологія, Vol 0, Iss 5, Pp 15-23 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
RU
UK
topic spacecraft
weightlessness
thermal control system
two-phase mechanically pumped loop
heat-controlled accumulator
volume
ammonia
slip factor
Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
TL1-4050
spellingShingle spacecraft
weightlessness
thermal control system
two-phase mechanically pumped loop
heat-controlled accumulator
volume
ammonia
slip factor
Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
TL1-4050
Artem Hodunov
Gennady Gorbenko
Pavel Gakal
The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
description Spacecraft thermal control systems based on two-phase mechanically pumped loops have advantages in terms of mass and power consumption for auxiliary needs compared to single-phase thermal control systems. However, the disadvantage of two-phase mechanically pumped loops is that when changing the heat load and heat removal conditions, when switching from single-phase to two-phase operation mode and vice versa, the amount of working fluid in the loop changes significantly, which requires the use of a large volume heat-controlled accumulator.  Therefore, determining the minimum required volume of the heat-controlled accumulator for the loop operation is an urgent task due to the need to maintain the performance of the l loop at a minimum and maximum heat loads and minimize the mass of the structure and the working fluid charged. When determining the volume of the heat-controlled accumulator, it is necessary to correctly calculate the mass of the fluid in the loop during the two-phase operation mode. The mass of the fluid depends on the void fraction, which depends significantly on the phase slip. Many models and correlations have been proposed to calculate the phase slip factor. However, they all require justification for the parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems and weightlessness conditions.   The paper presents the results of ground-based experiments, based on which the verification of different models and correlations for phase slip was performed. The validation of models and correlations for the conditions of weightlessness was performed by comparing the results with the horizontal and vertical orientation of the elements of the experimental setup. The working fluid is ammonia. The experiments showed that the best coincidence of calculation and experience is provided by Chisholm correlation. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values did not exceed +/-7% in the entire range of study parameters both for horizontal and vertical orientations, which allow us to recommend the Chisholm correlation for determining the coolant mass in the two-phase mechanically pumped loops for parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems, including zero-gravity conditions.
format article
author Artem Hodunov
Gennady Gorbenko
Pavel Gakal
author_facet Artem Hodunov
Gennady Gorbenko
Pavel Gakal
author_sort Artem Hodunov
title The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
title_short The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
title_full The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
title_fullStr The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
title_full_unstemmed The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
title_sort calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
publisher National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute»
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/fb28130972eb4717be30b770fa752bf2
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