Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics

Chaos game representation (CGR), a milestone in graphical bioinformatics, has become a powerful tool regarding alignment-free sequence comparison and feature encoding for machine learning. The algorithm maps a sequence to 2-dimensional space, while an extension of the CGR, the so-called frequency ma...

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Autores principales: Hannah Franziska Löchel, Dominik Heider
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/fb3dc2c1d611491eb0e36dcbadfcea88
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:fb3dc2c1d611491eb0e36dcbadfcea882021-11-30T04:15:25ZChaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics2001-037010.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.008https://doaj.org/article/fb3dc2c1d611491eb0e36dcbadfcea882021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037021004736https://doaj.org/toc/2001-0370Chaos game representation (CGR), a milestone in graphical bioinformatics, has become a powerful tool regarding alignment-free sequence comparison and feature encoding for machine learning. The algorithm maps a sequence to 2-dimensional space, while an extension of the CGR, the so-called frequency matrix representation (FCGR), transforms sequences of different lengths into equal-sized images or matrices. The CGR is a generalized Markov chain and includes various properties, which allow a unique representation of a sequence. Therefore, it has a broad spectrum of applications in bioinformatics, such as sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis and as an encoding of sequences for machine learning. This review introduces the construction of CGRs and FCGRs, their applications on DNA and proteins, and gives an overview of recent applications and progress in bioinformatics.Hannah Franziska LöchelDominik HeiderElsevierarticleChaos game representationBioinformaticsSequence analysisAlignment-free sequence comparisonDNA and protein encodingMachine learningBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENComputational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Vol 19, Iss , Pp 6263-6271 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Chaos game representation
Bioinformatics
Sequence analysis
Alignment-free sequence comparison
DNA and protein encoding
Machine learning
Biotechnology
TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle Chaos game representation
Bioinformatics
Sequence analysis
Alignment-free sequence comparison
DNA and protein encoding
Machine learning
Biotechnology
TP248.13-248.65
Hannah Franziska Löchel
Dominik Heider
Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
description Chaos game representation (CGR), a milestone in graphical bioinformatics, has become a powerful tool regarding alignment-free sequence comparison and feature encoding for machine learning. The algorithm maps a sequence to 2-dimensional space, while an extension of the CGR, the so-called frequency matrix representation (FCGR), transforms sequences of different lengths into equal-sized images or matrices. The CGR is a generalized Markov chain and includes various properties, which allow a unique representation of a sequence. Therefore, it has a broad spectrum of applications in bioinformatics, such as sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis and as an encoding of sequences for machine learning. This review introduces the construction of CGRs and FCGRs, their applications on DNA and proteins, and gives an overview of recent applications and progress in bioinformatics.
format article
author Hannah Franziska Löchel
Dominik Heider
author_facet Hannah Franziska Löchel
Dominik Heider
author_sort Hannah Franziska Löchel
title Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
title_short Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
title_full Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
title_fullStr Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
title_full_unstemmed Chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
title_sort chaos game representation and its applications in bioinformatics
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/fb3dc2c1d611491eb0e36dcbadfcea88
work_keys_str_mv AT hannahfranziskalochel chaosgamerepresentationanditsapplicationsinbioinformatics
AT dominikheider chaosgamerepresentationanditsapplicationsinbioinformatics
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