Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period

Abstract The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum...

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Autores principales:	Jennifer E. Ding, Young Hyun Kim, Sarah M. Yi, Andrew D. Graham, Wing Li, Meng C. Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fb69583577204faabe5d2ebcfe7c4908
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fb69583577204faabe5d2ebcfe7c49082021-12-02T17:56:56ZOcular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period10.1038/s41598-021-94568-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fb69583577204faabe5d2ebcfe7c49082021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94568-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum interblink period (MIBP). During the interblink period the tear film evaporates and thins from the ocular surface. Infrared thermography provides a non-invasive measure of the ocular surface temperature (OST). Due to evaporation, ocular surface cooling (OSC) generally occurs when the eyes are open and exposed to the environment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of OSC rate on the MIBP, and to investigate the association of the MIBP with tear film characteristics in subjects who do and do not exhibit OSC. The MIBP was measured simultaneously with OST over time. Non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear lipid layer thickness, and Schirmer I test strip wetted lengths were measured on a day prior to the thermography visit. Subjects were divided into cooling and non-cooling groups based on OSC rate, and demographic and tear film characteristics were tested for inter-group differences. A faster OSC rate was associated with an exponentially shorter duration of the MIBP overall and within the cooling group alone. Faster non-invasive tear breakup time was significantly associated with a shorter MIBP in both groups. These results suggest that tear film evaporation initiates a pathway that results in the onset of ocular discomfort and the stimulus to blinking. The presence of a subset of subjects with no or minimal OSC who nevertheless have a short MIBP indicates that evaporative cooling is not the only mechanism responsible for the onset of ocular discomfort.Jennifer E. DingYoung Hyun KimSarah M. YiAndrew D. GrahamWing LiMeng C. LinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jennifer E. Ding Young Hyun Kim Sarah M. Yi Andrew D. Graham Wing Li Meng C. Lin Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
description	Abstract The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum interblink period (MIBP). During the interblink period the tear film evaporates and thins from the ocular surface. Infrared thermography provides a non-invasive measure of the ocular surface temperature (OST). Due to evaporation, ocular surface cooling (OSC) generally occurs when the eyes are open and exposed to the environment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of OSC rate on the MIBP, and to investigate the association of the MIBP with tear film characteristics in subjects who do and do not exhibit OSC. The MIBP was measured simultaneously with OST over time. Non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear lipid layer thickness, and Schirmer I test strip wetted lengths were measured on a day prior to the thermography visit. Subjects were divided into cooling and non-cooling groups based on OSC rate, and demographic and tear film characteristics were tested for inter-group differences. A faster OSC rate was associated with an exponentially shorter duration of the MIBP overall and within the cooling group alone. Faster non-invasive tear breakup time was significantly associated with a shorter MIBP in both groups. These results suggest that tear film evaporation initiates a pathway that results in the onset of ocular discomfort and the stimulus to blinking. The presence of a subset of subjects with no or minimal OSC who nevertheless have a short MIBP indicates that evaporative cooling is not the only mechanism responsible for the onset of ocular discomfort.
format	article
author	Jennifer E. Ding Young Hyun Kim Sarah M. Yi Andrew D. Graham Wing Li Meng C. Lin
author_facet	Jennifer E. Ding Young Hyun Kim Sarah M. Yi Andrew D. Graham Wing Li Meng C. Lin
author_sort	Jennifer E. Ding
title	Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
title_short	Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
title_full	Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
title_fullStr	Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
title_full_unstemmed	Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
title_sort	ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fb69583577204faabe5d2ebcfe7c4908
work_keys_str_mv	AT jennifereding ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod AT younghyunkim ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod AT sarahmyi ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod AT andrewdgraham ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod AT wingli ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod AT mengclin ocularsurfacecoolingrateassociatedwithtearfilmcharacteristicsandthemaximuminterblinkperiod
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Ocular surface cooling rate associated with tear film characteristics and the maximum interblink period

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