The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine

Aaron Tan1, Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a2, Alexander M Seifalian1,31UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK; 2Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 3Royal Free Hampstea...

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Autores principales:	Aaron Tan, Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a, Alexander M Seifalian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fbb64ddfaffa45da860e26f199d8bca4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fbb64ddfaffa45da860e26f199d8bca42021-12-02T11:10:53ZThe application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/fbb64ddfaffa45da860e26f199d8bca42010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/the-application-of-exosomes-as-a-nanoscale-cancer-vaccine-a5633https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Aaron Tan1, Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a2, Alexander M Seifalian1,31UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK; 2Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 3Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UKAbstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and it is predicted and projected to continue rising as life expectancy increases. Although patient survival rates for some forms of cancers are high due to clinical advances in treatment protocols, the search for effective cancer vaccines remains the ultimate Rosetta Stone in oncology. Cervarix&reg;, Gardasil&reg;, and hepatitis B vaccines are currently employed in preventing certain forms of viral cancers. However, they are, strictly speaking, not &lsquo;true&rsquo; cancer vaccines as they are prophylactic rather than therapeutic, are only effective against the oncogenic viruses, and do not kill the actual cancer cells. On April 2010, a new prostate cancer vaccine Provenge&reg; (sipuleucel-T) was approved by the US FDA, and it is the first approved therapeutic vaccine that utilizes antigen-presenting cell technology involving dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that the use of nanoscale particles like exosomes in immunotherapy could form a viable basis for the development of novel cancer vaccines, via antigen-presenting cell technology, to prime the immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. Coupled with nanotechnology, engineered exosomes are emerging as new and novel avenues for cancer vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge pertaining to exosome technology in immunotherapy and also seek to address the challenges and future directions associated with it, in hopes of bringing this exciting application a step closer toward an effective clinical reality.Keywords: exosomes, cancer vaccine, immunotherapy, nanomedicine&nbsp; Aaron TanHugo De La Pe&ntilde;aAlexander M SeifalianDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2010, Iss default, Pp 889-900 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Aaron Tan Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a Alexander M Seifalian The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
description	Aaron Tan1, Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a2, Alexander M Seifalian1,31UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK; 2Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 3Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UKAbstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and it is predicted and projected to continue rising as life expectancy increases. Although patient survival rates for some forms of cancers are high due to clinical advances in treatment protocols, the search for effective cancer vaccines remains the ultimate Rosetta Stone in oncology. Cervarix&reg;, Gardasil&reg;, and hepatitis B vaccines are currently employed in preventing certain forms of viral cancers. However, they are, strictly speaking, not &lsquo;true&rsquo; cancer vaccines as they are prophylactic rather than therapeutic, are only effective against the oncogenic viruses, and do not kill the actual cancer cells. On April 2010, a new prostate cancer vaccine Provenge&reg; (sipuleucel-T) was approved by the US FDA, and it is the first approved therapeutic vaccine that utilizes antigen-presenting cell technology involving dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that the use of nanoscale particles like exosomes in immunotherapy could form a viable basis for the development of novel cancer vaccines, via antigen-presenting cell technology, to prime the immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. Coupled with nanotechnology, engineered exosomes are emerging as new and novel avenues for cancer vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge pertaining to exosome technology in immunotherapy and also seek to address the challenges and future directions associated with it, in hopes of bringing this exciting application a step closer toward an effective clinical reality.Keywords: exosomes, cancer vaccine, immunotherapy, nanomedicine&nbsp;
format	article
author	Aaron Tan Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a Alexander M Seifalian
author_facet	Aaron Tan Hugo De La Pe&ntilde;a Alexander M Seifalian
author_sort	Aaron Tan
title	The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
title_short	The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
title_full	The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
title_fullStr	The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
title_full_unstemmed	The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
title_sort	application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/fbb64ddfaffa45da860e26f199d8bca4
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The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine

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