FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).

<h4>Background</h4>Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved prognosis in treatment against HIV infection, however, prolonged exposure is associated to cardiovascular diseases, lipodystrophy, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic alteration, as obesity which includes the...

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Autores principales:	Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-Robledo, Marta Giralt, Faviel Francisco González-Galarza, Francesc Villarroya, Alberto Alejandro Miranda Pérez, Pablo Ruiz Flores, María Elena Gutiérrez Pérez, Peré Domingo, Francisco Carlos López-Márquez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fbbb1002d7e247e6a68b173122e9e14d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fbbb1002d7e247e6a68b173122e9e14d2021-12-02T20:11:16ZFGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252144https://doaj.org/article/fbbb1002d7e247e6a68b173122e9e14d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252144https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved prognosis in treatment against HIV infection, however, prolonged exposure is associated to cardiovascular diseases, lipodystrophy, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic alteration, as obesity which includes the accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue. FGF21 is a peptide hormone that is known to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 is expressed and secreted primarily in the liver and adipose tissue, promoting oxidation of glucose/fatty acids and insulin sensitivity. Alterations in FGF21 may be associated with the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that FGF21 protein levels are associated with metabolic abnormalities, placing special attention to the alterations in relation to the concurrence of overweight/obesity in people living with HIV (PLWH).<h4>Design</h4>Serum FGF21 was analyzed in 241 subjects, 160 PLWH and 81 unrelated HIV-uninfected subjects as a control group. Clinical records were consulted to obtain CD4+ cell counting and number of viral RNA copies. Serum FGF21 levels were tested for correlation with anthropometric and metabolic parameters; glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, insulin and indexes of atherogenesis and insulin resistance (HOMA).<h4>Results</h4>The participants were classified into four groups: (i) PLWH with normal weight, (ii) PLWH with overweight/obesity, (iii) HIV-uninfected with normal weight, and (iv) HIV-uninfected with overweight/obesity. Insulin levels were higher in normal-weight PLWH than in the HIV-uninfected group but not statistically significant, however, for the overweight/obesity PLWH group, insulin levels were significantly higher in comparison with the other three groups (p<0.0001). For FGF21, serum levels were slightly higher in the overweight/obesity groups in both patients and controls. In HIV-infected subjects, FGF21 levels showed a strong positive correlation with triglycerides, insulin levels and insulin resistance with a p-value <0.0001. In the seronegative group, FGF21 was only correlated with weight and waist circumference, showing an important association of FGF21 levels with the degree of obesity of the individuals.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Insulin resistance and FGF21 elevations were observed in overweight-obese PLWH. FGF21 elevation could be viewed as a compensation mechanism as, in the control group, FGF21 correlations appeared to be confined to weight and waist circumference. This can be explained based on the action of FGF21 promoting the uptake of glucose in adipose tissue. In PLWH, FGF21 was low, possibly as a result of a change in adiposity leading to a metabolic disruption.Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-RobledoMarta GiraltFaviel Francisco González-GalarzaFrancesc VillarroyaAlberto Alejandro Miranda PérezPablo Ruiz FloresMaría Elena Gutiérrez PérezPeré DomingoFrancisco Carlos López-MárquezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0252144 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-Robledo Marta Giralt Faviel Francisco González-Galarza Francesc Villarroya Alberto Alejandro Miranda Pérez Pablo Ruiz Flores María Elena Gutiérrez Pérez Peré Domingo Francisco Carlos López-Márquez FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
description	<h4>Background</h4>Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved prognosis in treatment against HIV infection, however, prolonged exposure is associated to cardiovascular diseases, lipodystrophy, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic alteration, as obesity which includes the accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue. FGF21 is a peptide hormone that is known to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 is expressed and secreted primarily in the liver and adipose tissue, promoting oxidation of glucose/fatty acids and insulin sensitivity. Alterations in FGF21 may be associated with the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that FGF21 protein levels are associated with metabolic abnormalities, placing special attention to the alterations in relation to the concurrence of overweight/obesity in people living with HIV (PLWH).<h4>Design</h4>Serum FGF21 was analyzed in 241 subjects, 160 PLWH and 81 unrelated HIV-uninfected subjects as a control group. Clinical records were consulted to obtain CD4+ cell counting and number of viral RNA copies. Serum FGF21 levels were tested for correlation with anthropometric and metabolic parameters; glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, insulin and indexes of atherogenesis and insulin resistance (HOMA).<h4>Results</h4>The participants were classified into four groups: (i) PLWH with normal weight, (ii) PLWH with overweight/obesity, (iii) HIV-uninfected with normal weight, and (iv) HIV-uninfected with overweight/obesity. Insulin levels were higher in normal-weight PLWH than in the HIV-uninfected group but not statistically significant, however, for the overweight/obesity PLWH group, insulin levels were significantly higher in comparison with the other three groups (p<0.0001). For FGF21, serum levels were slightly higher in the overweight/obesity groups in both patients and controls. In HIV-infected subjects, FGF21 levels showed a strong positive correlation with triglycerides, insulin levels and insulin resistance with a p-value <0.0001. In the seronegative group, FGF21 was only correlated with weight and waist circumference, showing an important association of FGF21 levels with the degree of obesity of the individuals.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Insulin resistance and FGF21 elevations were observed in overweight-obese PLWH. FGF21 elevation could be viewed as a compensation mechanism as, in the control group, FGF21 correlations appeared to be confined to weight and waist circumference. This can be explained based on the action of FGF21 promoting the uptake of glucose in adipose tissue. In PLWH, FGF21 was low, possibly as a result of a change in adiposity leading to a metabolic disruption.
format	article
author	Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-Robledo Marta Giralt Faviel Francisco González-Galarza Francesc Villarroya Alberto Alejandro Miranda Pérez Pablo Ruiz Flores María Elena Gutiérrez Pérez Peré Domingo Francisco Carlos López-Márquez
author_facet	Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-Robledo Marta Giralt Faviel Francisco González-Galarza Francesc Villarroya Alberto Alejandro Miranda Pérez Pablo Ruiz Flores María Elena Gutiérrez Pérez Peré Domingo Francisco Carlos López-Márquez
author_sort	Arguiñe Ivonne Urraza-Robledo
title	FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
title_short	FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
title_full	FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
title_fullStr	FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
title_full_unstemmed	FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).
title_sort	fgf21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in mexican people living with hiv (plwh).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fbbb1002d7e247e6a68b173122e9e14d
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FGF21 serum levels are related to insulin resistance, metabolic changes and obesity in Mexican people living with HIV (PLWH).

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