Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.

Malaria epidemics in regions with seasonal windows of transmission can vary greatly in size from year to year. A central question has been whether these interannual cycles are driven by climate, are instead generated by the intrinsic dynamics of the disease, or result from the resonance of these two...

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Autores principales:	Karina Laneri, Anindya Bhadra, Edward L Ionides, Menno Bouma, Ramesh C Dhiman, Rajpal S Yadav, Mercedes Pascual
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fbe0feef08064553b70c049d58e87cda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fbe0feef08064553b70c049d58e87cda2021-11-18T05:49:21ZForcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1000898https://doaj.org/article/fbe0feef08064553b70c049d58e87cda2010-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20824122/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Malaria epidemics in regions with seasonal windows of transmission can vary greatly in size from year to year. A central question has been whether these interannual cycles are driven by climate, are instead generated by the intrinsic dynamics of the disease, or result from the resonance of these two mechanisms. This corresponds to the more general inverse problem of identifying the respective roles of external forcings vs. internal feedbacks from time series for nonlinear and noisy systems. We propose here a quantitative approach to formally compare rival hypotheses on climate vs. disease dynamics, or external forcings vs. internal feedbacks, that combines dynamical models with recently developed, computational inference methods. The interannual patterns of epidemic malaria are investigated here for desert regions of northwest India, with extensive epidemiological records for Plasmodium falciparum malaria for the past two decades. We formulate a dynamical model of malaria transmission that explicitly incorporates rainfall, and we rely on recent advances on parameter estimation for nonlinear and stochastic dynamical systems based on sequential Monte Carlo methods. Results show a significant effect of rainfall in the inter-annual variability of epidemic malaria that involves a threshold in the disease response. The model exhibits high prediction skill for yearly cases in the malaria transmission season following the monsoonal rains. Consideration of a more complex model with clinical immunity demonstrates the robustness of the findings and suggests a role of infected individuals that lack clinical symptoms as a reservoir for transmission. Our results indicate that the nonlinear dynamics of the disease itself play a role at the seasonal, but not the interannual, time scales. They illustrate the feasibility of forecasting malaria epidemics in desert and semi-arid regions of India based on climate variability. This approach should be applicable to malaria in other locations, to other infectious diseases, and to other nonlinear systems under forcing.Karina LaneriAnindya BhadraEdward L IonidesMenno BoumaRamesh C DhimanRajpal S YadavMercedes PascualPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 6, Iss 9, p e1000898 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Karina Laneri Anindya Bhadra Edward L Ionides Menno Bouma Ramesh C Dhiman Rajpal S Yadav Mercedes Pascual Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
description	Malaria epidemics in regions with seasonal windows of transmission can vary greatly in size from year to year. A central question has been whether these interannual cycles are driven by climate, are instead generated by the intrinsic dynamics of the disease, or result from the resonance of these two mechanisms. This corresponds to the more general inverse problem of identifying the respective roles of external forcings vs. internal feedbacks from time series for nonlinear and noisy systems. We propose here a quantitative approach to formally compare rival hypotheses on climate vs. disease dynamics, or external forcings vs. internal feedbacks, that combines dynamical models with recently developed, computational inference methods. The interannual patterns of epidemic malaria are investigated here for desert regions of northwest India, with extensive epidemiological records for Plasmodium falciparum malaria for the past two decades. We formulate a dynamical model of malaria transmission that explicitly incorporates rainfall, and we rely on recent advances on parameter estimation for nonlinear and stochastic dynamical systems based on sequential Monte Carlo methods. Results show a significant effect of rainfall in the inter-annual variability of epidemic malaria that involves a threshold in the disease response. The model exhibits high prediction skill for yearly cases in the malaria transmission season following the monsoonal rains. Consideration of a more complex model with clinical immunity demonstrates the robustness of the findings and suggests a role of infected individuals that lack clinical symptoms as a reservoir for transmission. Our results indicate that the nonlinear dynamics of the disease itself play a role at the seasonal, but not the interannual, time scales. They illustrate the feasibility of forecasting malaria epidemics in desert and semi-arid regions of India based on climate variability. This approach should be applicable to malaria in other locations, to other infectious diseases, and to other nonlinear systems under forcing.
format	article
author	Karina Laneri Anindya Bhadra Edward L Ionides Menno Bouma Ramesh C Dhiman Rajpal S Yadav Mercedes Pascual
author_facet	Karina Laneri Anindya Bhadra Edward L Ionides Menno Bouma Ramesh C Dhiman Rajpal S Yadav Mercedes Pascual
author_sort	Karina Laneri
title	Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
title_short	Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
title_full	Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
title_fullStr	Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
title_full_unstemmed	Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.
title_sort	forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest india.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/fbe0feef08064553b70c049d58e87cda
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Forcing versus feedback: epidemic malaria and monsoon rains in northwest India.

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