Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD

Heavy mineral sands are the source of various commodities such as white titanium dioxide pigment and titanium metal. The three case studies in this paper show the value of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and statistical methods such as data clustering for process optimization and quality control during heav...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Uwe König, Sabine M. C. Verryn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	heavy minerals ilmenite titania slag XRD cluster analysis rietveld Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fbe7a2a867f249868790ae0e1edddcd5
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:fbe7a2a867f249868790ae0e1edddcd5
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fbe7a2a867f249868790ae0e1edddcd52021-11-25T18:26:37ZHeavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD10.3390/min111112532075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/fbe7a2a867f249868790ae0e1edddcd52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1253https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XHeavy mineral sands are the source of various commodities such as white titanium dioxide pigment and titanium metal. The three case studies in this paper show the value of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and statistical methods such as data clustering for process optimization and quality control during heavy mineral processing. The potential of XRD as an automatable, reliable tool, useful in the characterization of heavy mineral concentrates, product streams and titania slag is demonstrated. The recent development of ultra-high-speed X-ray detectors and automated quantification allows for ‘on the fly’ quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and truly interactive process control, especially in the sector of heavy mineral concentration and processing. Apart from the information about the composition of a raw ore, heavy mineral concentrate and the various product streams or titania slag, this paper provides useful information by the quantitative determination of the crystalline phases and the amorphous content. The analysis of the phases can help to optimize the concentration of ores and reduction of ilmenite concentrate. Traditionally, quality control of heavy mineral concentrates and titania slag relies mainly on elemental, chemical, gravimetrical, and magnetic analysis. Since the efficiency of concentration of minerals in the different product streams and reduction depends on the content of the different minerals, and for the latter on the titanium and iron phases such as ilmenite FeTiO<sub>3</sub>, rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>, anatase TiO<sub>2,</sub> or the various titanium oxides with different oxidation stages, fast and direct analysis of the phases is required.Uwe KönigSabine M. C. VerrynMDPI AGarticleheavy mineralsilmenitetitania slagXRDcluster analysisrietveldMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1253, p 1253 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heavy minerals ilmenite titania slag XRD cluster analysis rietveld Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	heavy minerals ilmenite titania slag XRD cluster analysis rietveld Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Uwe König Sabine M. C. Verryn Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
description	Heavy mineral sands are the source of various commodities such as white titanium dioxide pigment and titanium metal. The three case studies in this paper show the value of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and statistical methods such as data clustering for process optimization and quality control during heavy mineral processing. The potential of XRD as an automatable, reliable tool, useful in the characterization of heavy mineral concentrates, product streams and titania slag is demonstrated. The recent development of ultra-high-speed X-ray detectors and automated quantification allows for ‘on the fly’ quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and truly interactive process control, especially in the sector of heavy mineral concentration and processing. Apart from the information about the composition of a raw ore, heavy mineral concentrate and the various product streams or titania slag, this paper provides useful information by the quantitative determination of the crystalline phases and the amorphous content. The analysis of the phases can help to optimize the concentration of ores and reduction of ilmenite concentrate. Traditionally, quality control of heavy mineral concentrates and titania slag relies mainly on elemental, chemical, gravimetrical, and magnetic analysis. Since the efficiency of concentration of minerals in the different product streams and reduction depends on the content of the different minerals, and for the latter on the titanium and iron phases such as ilmenite FeTiO<sub>3</sub>, rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>, anatase TiO<sub>2,</sub> or the various titanium oxides with different oxidation stages, fast and direct analysis of the phases is required.
format	article
author	Uwe König Sabine M. C. Verryn
author_facet	Uwe König Sabine M. C. Verryn
author_sort	Uwe König
title	Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
title_short	Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
title_full	Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
title_fullStr	Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
title_full_unstemmed	Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD
title_sort	heavy mineral sands mining and downstream processing: value of mineralogical monitoring using xrd
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fbe7a2a867f249868790ae0e1edddcd5
work_keys_str_mv	AT uwekonig heavymineralsandsmininganddownstreamprocessingvalueofmineralogicalmonitoringusingxrd AT sabinemcverryn heavymineralsandsmininganddownstreamprocessingvalueofmineralogicalmonitoringusingxrd
_version_	1718411174279643136

Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD

Ejemplares similares