Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Sinbad Sweeney, Davide Grandolfo, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Teresa D TetleyLung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UKPurpose: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a potential human health hazard, prima...

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Autores principales:	Sweeney S, Grandolfo D, Ruenraroengsak P, Tetley TD
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fbfc43d7ffb1409885401f42ea6e6859
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fbfc43d7ffb1409885401f42ea6e68592021-12-02T08:08:30ZFunctional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/fbfc43d7ffb1409885401f42ea6e68592015-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/functional-consequences-for-primary-human-alveolar-macrophages-followi-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Sinbad Sweeney, Davide Grandolfo, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Teresa D TetleyLung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UKPurpose: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a potential human health hazard, primarily via inhalation. In the lung, alveolar macrophages (AMs) provide the first line of immune cellular defense against inhaled materials. We hypothesized that, 1 and 5 days after treating AMs with short (0.6 µm in length; MWCNT-0.6 µm) and long (20 µm in length; MWCNT-20 µm) MWCNTs for 24 hours, AMs would exhibit increased markers of adverse bioreactivity (cytokine release and reactive oxygen species generation) while also having a modified functional ability (phagocytosis and migration).Methods: Primary human AMs were treated with short and long MWCNTs for 24 hours, 1 and 5 days after which toxicity end points, including cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and inflammatory mediator release, were measured. AM functional end points involving phagocytic ability and migratory capacity were also measured.Results: AM viability was significantly decreased at 1 and 5 days after treatment with MWCNT-20 µm, while superoxide levels and inflammatory mediator release were significantly increased. At the same time, there was reduced phagocytosis and migratory capacity alongside increased expression of MARCO; this coincided with frustrated phagocytosis observed by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, the adverse bioreactivity of the shorter MWCNT-0.6 µm with AMs (and any resulting reduction in AM functional ability) was substantially less marked or absent altogether.Conclusion: This study shows that after 24-hour treatment with long, but not short, MWCNTs, AM function is severely affected up to 5 days after the initial exposure. This has potentially significant pathophysiological consequences for individuals who may be intentionally (via therapeutic applications) or unintentionally exposed to these nanomaterials.Keywords: nanotechnology, MWCNTs, alveolar macrophages, cytokines, phagocytosis, bioreactivitySweeney SGrandolfo DRuenraroengsak PTetley TDDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 3115-3129 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Sweeney S Grandolfo D Ruenraroengsak P Tetley TD Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
description	Sinbad Sweeney, Davide Grandolfo, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Teresa D TetleyLung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UKPurpose: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a potential human health hazard, primarily via inhalation. In the lung, alveolar macrophages (AMs) provide the first line of immune cellular defense against inhaled materials. We hypothesized that, 1 and 5 days after treating AMs with short (0.6 µm in length; MWCNT-0.6 µm) and long (20 µm in length; MWCNT-20 µm) MWCNTs for 24 hours, AMs would exhibit increased markers of adverse bioreactivity (cytokine release and reactive oxygen species generation) while also having a modified functional ability (phagocytosis and migration).Methods: Primary human AMs were treated with short and long MWCNTs for 24 hours, 1 and 5 days after which toxicity end points, including cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and inflammatory mediator release, were measured. AM functional end points involving phagocytic ability and migratory capacity were also measured.Results: AM viability was significantly decreased at 1 and 5 days after treatment with MWCNT-20 µm, while superoxide levels and inflammatory mediator release were significantly increased. At the same time, there was reduced phagocytosis and migratory capacity alongside increased expression of MARCO; this coincided with frustrated phagocytosis observed by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, the adverse bioreactivity of the shorter MWCNT-0.6 µm with AMs (and any resulting reduction in AM functional ability) was substantially less marked or absent altogether.Conclusion: This study shows that after 24-hour treatment with long, but not short, MWCNTs, AM function is severely affected up to 5 days after the initial exposure. This has potentially significant pathophysiological consequences for individuals who may be intentionally (via therapeutic applications) or unintentionally exposed to these nanomaterials.Keywords: nanotechnology, MWCNTs, alveolar macrophages, cytokines, phagocytosis, bioreactivity
format	article
author	Sweeney S Grandolfo D Ruenraroengsak P Tetley TD
author_facet	Sweeney S Grandolfo D Ruenraroengsak P Tetley TD
author_sort	Sweeney S
title	Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
title_short	Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
title_full	Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
title_fullStr	Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed	Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
title_sort	functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/fbfc43d7ffb1409885401f42ea6e6859
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_version_	1718398640904470528

Functional consequences for primary human alveolar macrophages following treatment with long, but not short, multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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