The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process

The introduction of mechanized agricultural practices after the Second World War and the use of productive hybrids led to a gradual disappearance of local maize varieties. However, 13 landraces are still cultivated in North-Western Italy, in the Lombardy region; those that are cultivated in mountain...

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Autores principales:	Stefano Sangiorgio, Federico Colombo, Martina Ghidoli, Luca Giupponi, Giulio Ferro, Carlo Giovanni Ferro, Elena Cassani, Michela Landoni, Roberto Pilu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	maize landraces pointed maize drying process mountain Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc4f0e0925b74ca6b94543e2e0432bcc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc4f0e0925b74ca6b94543e2e0432bcc2021-11-25T16:10:40ZThe Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process10.3390/agronomy111122952073-4395https://doaj.org/article/fc4f0e0925b74ca6b94543e2e0432bcc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2295https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395The introduction of mechanized agricultural practices after the Second World War and the use of productive hybrids led to a gradual disappearance of local maize varieties. However, 13 landraces are still cultivated in North-Western Italy, in the Lombardy region; those that are cultivated in mountainous areas (roughly up to 1200 m in altitude) are often characterized by the pointed shape of their seeds (i.e., “Nero Spinoso”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”, “Spinato di Gandino” and “Scagliolo di Carenno”) and the presence of pigments (i.e., “Nero Spinoso”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”). The pointed shape of the seeds is an ancient characteristic of maize-ancestors, which negatively affects the yield by not allowing optimal “filling” of the ear. This study reports work on four different Italian varieties of pointed maize in order to assess the genetic bases of the “pointed character” and to try to explain the reasons for this adaptation to the mountain environment. The data obtained by genetic analysis, seed air-drying modeling and thermographic camera observations demonstrated that the “pointed trait” is controlled by the same genes across the different varieties studied and suggested that this peculiar shape has been selected in mountainous areas because it promotes faster drying of the seed, with the presence of pigments implementing this effect.Stefano SangiorgioFederico ColomboMartina GhidoliLuca GiupponiGiulio FerroCarlo Giovanni FerroElena CassaniMichela LandoniRoberto PiluMDPI AGarticlemaizelandracespointed maizedrying processmountainAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2295, p 2295 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	maize landraces pointed maize drying process mountain Agriculture S
spellingShingle	maize landraces pointed maize drying process mountain Agriculture S Stefano Sangiorgio Federico Colombo Martina Ghidoli Luca Giupponi Giulio Ferro Carlo Giovanni Ferro Elena Cassani Michela Landoni Roberto Pilu The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
description	The introduction of mechanized agricultural practices after the Second World War and the use of productive hybrids led to a gradual disappearance of local maize varieties. However, 13 landraces are still cultivated in North-Western Italy, in the Lombardy region; those that are cultivated in mountainous areas (roughly up to 1200 m in altitude) are often characterized by the pointed shape of their seeds (i.e., “Nero Spinoso”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”, “Spinato di Gandino” and “Scagliolo di Carenno”) and the presence of pigments (i.e., “Nero Spinoso”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”). The pointed shape of the seeds is an ancient characteristic of maize-ancestors, which negatively affects the yield by not allowing optimal “filling” of the ear. This study reports work on four different Italian varieties of pointed maize in order to assess the genetic bases of the “pointed character” and to try to explain the reasons for this adaptation to the mountain environment. The data obtained by genetic analysis, seed air-drying modeling and thermographic camera observations demonstrated that the “pointed trait” is controlled by the same genes across the different varieties studied and suggested that this peculiar shape has been selected in mountainous areas because it promotes faster drying of the seed, with the presence of pigments implementing this effect.
format	article
author	Stefano Sangiorgio Federico Colombo Martina Ghidoli Luca Giupponi Giulio Ferro Carlo Giovanni Ferro Elena Cassani Michela Landoni Roberto Pilu
author_facet	Stefano Sangiorgio Federico Colombo Martina Ghidoli Luca Giupponi Giulio Ferro Carlo Giovanni Ferro Elena Cassani Michela Landoni Roberto Pilu
author_sort	Stefano Sangiorgio
title	The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
title_short	The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
title_full	The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
title_fullStr	The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
title_full_unstemmed	The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process
title_sort	ancient varieties of mountain maize: the inheritance of the pointed character and its effect on the natural drying process
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc4f0e0925b74ca6b94543e2e0432bcc
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The Ancient Varieties of Mountain Maize: The Inheritance of the Pointed Character and Its Effect on the Natural Drying Process

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