Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.

The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the le...

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Autores principales:	Zahra Nozad-Bonab, Mir Jalil Hejazi, Shahzad Iranipour, Mehdi Arzanlou, Antonio Biondi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc568d249ad74c7e900e13e886acbd05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc568d249ad74c7e900e13e886acbd052021-12-02T20:04:46ZLethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0243334https://doaj.org/article/fc568d249ad74c7e900e13e886acbd052021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243334https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of four chemical insecticides (abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad) and the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) on a widespread TLM egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, were estimated. Concentration mortality response bioassays enabled the estimation of lethal concentrations of the tested insecticides for the parasitoids, with chlorantraniliprole having the lowest LC50 and indoxacarb the highest. The LC25 and LC50 of the tested insecticides on the TLM were sprayed on eggs and then offered at three time intervals to the parasitoids. The fertility and other life table parameters of the individuals emerging from the treated eggs were estimated. All of the chemical insecticides, but not the fungus, had harmful effects on T. brassicae. The insecticide applications caused a 3.84-5.17 times reduction in the net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. No parameters were affected by spraying the fungus in the 0h treatment, but effects were recorded at 24 and/or 48h, except for the gross reproduction rate (GRR). The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) also decreased to 0.528-0.617 after the insecticide treatments. The doubling time (DT) increased in all treatments compared to the control. Nevertheless, the generation time (T) was only very slightly affected. In addition, in the combination experiments, M. anisopliae showed a remarkable synergism with T. brassicae in controlling TLM eggs. These results indicate that low levels of lethal effects on key biological control agents should be considered in the choice of insecticides to be included in sustainable TLM control packages.Zahra Nozad-BonabMir Jalil HejaziShahzad IranipourMehdi ArzanlouAntonio BiondiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0243334 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zahra Nozad-Bonab Mir Jalil Hejazi Shahzad Iranipour Mehdi Arzanlou Antonio Biondi Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
description	The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of four chemical insecticides (abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad) and the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) on a widespread TLM egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, were estimated. Concentration mortality response bioassays enabled the estimation of lethal concentrations of the tested insecticides for the parasitoids, with chlorantraniliprole having the lowest LC50 and indoxacarb the highest. The LC25 and LC50 of the tested insecticides on the TLM were sprayed on eggs and then offered at three time intervals to the parasitoids. The fertility and other life table parameters of the individuals emerging from the treated eggs were estimated. All of the chemical insecticides, but not the fungus, had harmful effects on T. brassicae. The insecticide applications caused a 3.84-5.17 times reduction in the net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. No parameters were affected by spraying the fungus in the 0h treatment, but effects were recorded at 24 and/or 48h, except for the gross reproduction rate (GRR). The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) also decreased to 0.528-0.617 after the insecticide treatments. The doubling time (DT) increased in all treatments compared to the control. Nevertheless, the generation time (T) was only very slightly affected. In addition, in the combination experiments, M. anisopliae showed a remarkable synergism with T. brassicae in controlling TLM eggs. These results indicate that low levels of lethal effects on key biological control agents should be considered in the choice of insecticides to be included in sustainable TLM control packages.
format	article
author	Zahra Nozad-Bonab Mir Jalil Hejazi Shahzad Iranipour Mehdi Arzanlou Antonio Biondi
author_facet	Zahra Nozad-Bonab Mir Jalil Hejazi Shahzad Iranipour Mehdi Arzanlou Antonio Biondi
author_sort	Zahra Nozad-Bonab
title	Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
title_short	Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
title_full	Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
title_fullStr	Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
title_full_unstemmed	Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.
title_sort	lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on trichogramma brassicae parasitizing tuta absoluta.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc568d249ad74c7e900e13e886acbd05
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Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta.

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