Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.

High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot-i.e. with additional...

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Autores principales:	Russell MacKechnie-Guire, Thilo Pfau
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc6867b7712341d388578fac4c969c6b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc6867b7712341d388578fac4c969c6b2021-11-25T06:19:19ZDifferential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251144https://doaj.org/article/fc6867b7712341d388578fac4c969c6b2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251144https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot-i.e. with additional load applied in the thoracolumbar region-compared with trotting in-hand. Inertial sensors were glued on to the midline of the thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) spine at T5, T13, T18, L3 and middle of the left and right tubera sacrale of ten elite dressage horses (Mean±SD), age 11±1 years, height 1.70±0.10m and body mass 600±24kg; first trotted in-hand, then ridden in sitting trot on an arena surface by four Grand Prix dressage riders. Straight-line motion cycles were analysed using a general linear model (random factor: horse; fixed factor: exercise condition; covariate: stride time, Bonferroni post hoc correction: P<0.05). Differential roll, pitch and yaw angles between adjacent sensors were calculated. In sitting trot, compared to trotting in-hand, there was increased pitch (mean±S.D), (in-hand, 3.9 (0.5°, sitting trot 6.3 (0.3°, P = <0.0001), roll (in-hand, 7.7 (1.1°, sitting trot 11.6 (0.9°, P = 0.003) and heading values (in-hand, 4.2 (0.8), sitting trot 9.5 (0.6°, P = <0.0001) in the caudal thoracic and lumbar region (T18-L3) and a decrease in heading values (in-hand, 7.1 (0.5°, sitting trot 5.2 (0.3°, P = 0.01) in the cranial thoracic region (T5-T13). Kinematics of the caudal thoracic and lumbar spine are influenced by the rider when in sitting trot, whilst lateral bending is reduced in the cranial thoracic region. This biomechanical difference with the addition of a rider, emphasises the importance of observing horses during ridden exercise, when assessing them as part of a loss of performance assessment.Russell MacKechnie-GuireThilo PfauPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251144 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Russell MacKechnie-Guire Thilo Pfau Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
description	High-level dressage horses regularly perform advanced movements, requiring coordination and force transmission between front and hind limbs across the thoracolumbosacral region. This study aimed at quantifying kinematic differences in dressage horses when ridden in sitting trot-i.e. with additional load applied in the thoracolumbar region-compared with trotting in-hand. Inertial sensors were glued on to the midline of the thoracic (T) and lumbar (L) spine at T5, T13, T18, L3 and middle of the left and right tubera sacrale of ten elite dressage horses (Mean±SD), age 11±1 years, height 1.70±0.10m and body mass 600±24kg; first trotted in-hand, then ridden in sitting trot on an arena surface by four Grand Prix dressage riders. Straight-line motion cycles were analysed using a general linear model (random factor: horse; fixed factor: exercise condition; covariate: stride time, Bonferroni post hoc correction: P<0.05). Differential roll, pitch and yaw angles between adjacent sensors were calculated. In sitting trot, compared to trotting in-hand, there was increased pitch (mean±S.D), (in-hand, 3.9 (0.5°, sitting trot 6.3 (0.3°, P = <0.0001), roll (in-hand, 7.7 (1.1°, sitting trot 11.6 (0.9°, P = 0.003) and heading values (in-hand, 4.2 (0.8), sitting trot 9.5 (0.6°, P = <0.0001) in the caudal thoracic and lumbar region (T18-L3) and a decrease in heading values (in-hand, 7.1 (0.5°, sitting trot 5.2 (0.3°, P = 0.01) in the cranial thoracic region (T5-T13). Kinematics of the caudal thoracic and lumbar spine are influenced by the rider when in sitting trot, whilst lateral bending is reduced in the cranial thoracic region. This biomechanical difference with the addition of a rider, emphasises the importance of observing horses during ridden exercise, when assessing them as part of a loss of performance assessment.
format	article
author	Russell MacKechnie-Guire Thilo Pfau
author_facet	Russell MacKechnie-Guire Thilo Pfau
author_sort	Russell MacKechnie-Guire
title	Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
title_short	Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
title_full	Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
title_fullStr	Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
title_full_unstemmed	Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
title_sort	differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc6867b7712341d388578fac4c969c6b
work_keys_str_mv	AT russellmackechnieguire differentialrotationalmovementandsymmetryvaluesofthethoracolumbosacralregioninhighleveldressagehorseswhentrotting AT thilopfau differentialrotationalmovementandsymmetryvaluesofthethoracolumbosacralregioninhighleveldressagehorseswhentrotting
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Differential rotational movement and symmetry values of the thoracolumbosacral region in high-level dressage horses when trotting.

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