Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors

Potassium (K) is a notorious villain among the ash components found in the biomass, being the cause of bed agglomeration and contributing to fouling and corrosion. At the same time, K is known to have catalytic properties towards fuel conversion in combustion and gasification environments. Olivine (...

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Autores principales:	Teresa Berdugo Vilches, Jelena Maric, Henrik Thunman, Martin Seemann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	potassium catalyst dual fluidized bed olivine gasifier combustor Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc76e63fb7de4a9a865819a944e70ba3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:fc76e63fb7de4a9a865819a944e70ba3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc76e63fb7de4a9a865819a944e70ba32021-11-25T17:06:34ZMapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors10.3390/catal111113802073-4344https://doaj.org/article/fc76e63fb7de4a9a865819a944e70ba32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1380https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344Potassium (K) is a notorious villain among the ash components found in the biomass, being the cause of bed agglomeration and contributing to fouling and corrosion. At the same time, K is known to have catalytic properties towards fuel conversion in combustion and gasification environments. Olivine (MgFe silicate) used as gasifier bed material has a higher propensity to form catalytically active K species than traditional silica sand beds, which tend to react with K to form stable and inactive silicates. In a dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifier, many of those catalytic effects are expected to be relevant, given that the bed material becomes naturally enriched with ash elements from the fuel. However, a comprehensive overview of how enrichment of the bed with alkali affects fuel conversion in both parts of the DFB system is lacking. In this work, the effects of ash-enriched olivine on fuel conversion in the gasification and combustion parts of the process are mapped. The work is based on a dedicated experimental campaign in a Chalmers DFB gasifier, wherein enrichment of the bed material with K is promoted by the addition of a reaction partner, i.e., sulfur, which ensures K retention in the bed in forms other than inactive silicates. The choice of sulfur is based on its affinity for K under combustion conditions. The addition of sulfur proved to be an efficient strategy for capturing catalytic K in olivine particles. In the gasification part, K-loaded olivine enhanced the char gasification rate, decreased the tar concentration, and promoted the WGS equilibrium. In the combustion part, K prevented full oxidation of CO, which could be mitigated by the addition of sulfur to the cyclone outlet.Teresa Berdugo VilchesJelena MaricHenrik ThunmanMartin SeemannMDPI AGarticlepotassiumcatalystdual fluidized bedolivinegasifiercombustorChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1380, p 1380 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	potassium catalyst dual fluidized bed olivine gasifier combustor Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	potassium catalyst dual fluidized bed olivine gasifier combustor Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Teresa Berdugo Vilches Jelena Maric Henrik Thunman Martin Seemann Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
description	Potassium (K) is a notorious villain among the ash components found in the biomass, being the cause of bed agglomeration and contributing to fouling and corrosion. At the same time, K is known to have catalytic properties towards fuel conversion in combustion and gasification environments. Olivine (MgFe silicate) used as gasifier bed material has a higher propensity to form catalytically active K species than traditional silica sand beds, which tend to react with K to form stable and inactive silicates. In a dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifier, many of those catalytic effects are expected to be relevant, given that the bed material becomes naturally enriched with ash elements from the fuel. However, a comprehensive overview of how enrichment of the bed with alkali affects fuel conversion in both parts of the DFB system is lacking. In this work, the effects of ash-enriched olivine on fuel conversion in the gasification and combustion parts of the process are mapped. The work is based on a dedicated experimental campaign in a Chalmers DFB gasifier, wherein enrichment of the bed material with K is promoted by the addition of a reaction partner, i.e., sulfur, which ensures K retention in the bed in forms other than inactive silicates. The choice of sulfur is based on its affinity for K under combustion conditions. The addition of sulfur proved to be an efficient strategy for capturing catalytic K in olivine particles. In the gasification part, K-loaded olivine enhanced the char gasification rate, decreased the tar concentration, and promoted the WGS equilibrium. In the combustion part, K prevented full oxidation of CO, which could be mitigated by the addition of sulfur to the cyclone outlet.
format	article
author	Teresa Berdugo Vilches Jelena Maric Henrik Thunman Martin Seemann
author_facet	Teresa Berdugo Vilches Jelena Maric Henrik Thunman Martin Seemann
author_sort	Teresa Berdugo Vilches
title	Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
title_short	Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
title_full	Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
title_fullStr	Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors
title_sort	mapping the effects of potassium on fuel conversion in industrial-scale fluidized bed gasifiers and combustors
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc76e63fb7de4a9a865819a944e70ba3
work_keys_str_mv	AT teresaberdugovilches mappingtheeffectsofpotassiumonfuelconversioninindustrialscalefluidizedbedgasifiersandcombustors AT jelenamaric mappingtheeffectsofpotassiumonfuelconversioninindustrialscalefluidizedbedgasifiersandcombustors AT henrikthunman mappingtheeffectsofpotassiumonfuelconversioninindustrialscalefluidizedbedgasifiersandcombustors AT martinseemann mappingtheeffectsofpotassiumonfuelconversioninindustrialscalefluidizedbedgasifiersandcombustors
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Mapping the Effects of Potassium on Fuel Conversion in Industrial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifiers and Combustors

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