HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features

Abstract The mesoderm is considered the youngest of the three germ layers. Although its morphogenesis has been studied in some metazoans, the molecular components underlying this process remain obscure for numerous phyla including the highly diverse Mollusca. Here, expression of Hairy and enhancer o...

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Autores principales:	Attila Sachslehner, Elisabeth Zieger, Andrew Calcino, Andreas Wanninger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc799e44556547ce96241b021f6a14ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc799e44556547ce96241b021f6a14ea2021-12-02T17:41:17ZHES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features10.1038/s41598-021-96711-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fc799e44556547ce96241b021f6a14ea2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96711-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The mesoderm is considered the youngest of the three germ layers. Although its morphogenesis has been studied in some metazoans, the molecular components underlying this process remain obscure for numerous phyla including the highly diverse Mollusca. Here, expression of Hairy and enhancer of split (HES), Mox, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) was investigated in Acanthochitona fascicularis, a representative of Polyplacophora with putative ancestral molluscan features. While AfaMHC is expressed throughout myogenesis, AfaMox1 is only expressed during early stages of mesodermal band formation and in the ventrolateral muscle, an autapomorphy of the polyplacophoran trochophore. Comparing our findings to previously published data across Metazoa reveals Mox expression in the mesoderm in numerous bilaterians including gastropods, polychaetes, and brachiopods. It is also involved in myogenesis in molluscs, annelids, tunicates, and craniates, suggesting a dual role of Mox in mesoderm and muscle formation in the last common bilaterian ancestor. AfaHESC2 is expressed in the ectoderm of the polyplacophoran gastrula and later in the mesodermal bands and in putative neural tissue, whereas AfaHESC7 is expressed in the trochoblasts of the gastrula and during foregut formation. This confirms the high developmental variability of HES gene expression and demonstrates that Mox and HES genes are pleiotropic.Attila SachslehnerElisabeth ZiegerAndrew CalcinoAndreas WanningerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Attila Sachslehner Elisabeth Zieger Andrew Calcino Andreas Wanninger HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
description	Abstract The mesoderm is considered the youngest of the three germ layers. Although its morphogenesis has been studied in some metazoans, the molecular components underlying this process remain obscure for numerous phyla including the highly diverse Mollusca. Here, expression of Hairy and enhancer of split (HES), Mox, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) was investigated in Acanthochitona fascicularis, a representative of Polyplacophora with putative ancestral molluscan features. While AfaMHC is expressed throughout myogenesis, AfaMox1 is only expressed during early stages of mesodermal band formation and in the ventrolateral muscle, an autapomorphy of the polyplacophoran trochophore. Comparing our findings to previously published data across Metazoa reveals Mox expression in the mesoderm in numerous bilaterians including gastropods, polychaetes, and brachiopods. It is also involved in myogenesis in molluscs, annelids, tunicates, and craniates, suggesting a dual role of Mox in mesoderm and muscle formation in the last common bilaterian ancestor. AfaHESC2 is expressed in the ectoderm of the polyplacophoran gastrula and later in the mesodermal bands and in putative neural tissue, whereas AfaHESC7 is expressed in the trochoblasts of the gastrula and during foregut formation. This confirms the high developmental variability of HES gene expression and demonstrates that Mox and HES genes are pleiotropic.
format	article
author	Attila Sachslehner Elisabeth Zieger Andrew Calcino Andreas Wanninger
author_facet	Attila Sachslehner Elisabeth Zieger Andrew Calcino Andreas Wanninger
author_sort	Attila Sachslehner
title	HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
title_short	HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
title_full	HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
title_fullStr	HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
title_full_unstemmed	HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
title_sort	hes and mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc799e44556547ce96241b021f6a14ea
work_keys_str_mv	AT attilasachslehner hesandmoxgenesareexpressedduringearlymesodermformationinamolluskwithputativeancestralfeatures AT elisabethzieger hesandmoxgenesareexpressedduringearlymesodermformationinamolluskwithputativeancestralfeatures AT andrewcalcino hesandmoxgenesareexpressedduringearlymesodermformationinamolluskwithputativeancestralfeatures AT andreaswanninger hesandmoxgenesareexpressedduringearlymesodermformationinamolluskwithputativeancestralfeatures
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HES and Mox genes are expressed during early mesoderm formation in a mollusk with putative ancestral features

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