Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Open-label placebos (OLPs) are placebos without deception in the sense that patients know that they are receiving a placebo. The objective of our study is to systematically review and analyze the effect of OLPs in comparison to no treatment in clinical trials. A systematic literature search...

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Autores principales:	Melina von Wernsdorff, Martin Loef, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Stefan Schmidt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc7b321d49f943bf89c27a9f7c114ce4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc7b321d49f943bf89c27a9f7c114ce42021-12-02T12:11:50ZEffects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis10.1038/s41598-021-83148-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fc7b321d49f943bf89c27a9f7c114ce42021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83148-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Open-label placebos (OLPs) are placebos without deception in the sense that patients know that they are receiving a placebo. The objective of our study is to systematically review and analyze the effect of OLPs in comparison to no treatment in clinical trials. A systematic literature search was carried out in February 2020. Randomized controlled trials of any medical condition or mental disorder comparing OLPs to no treatment were included. Data extraction and risk of bias rating were independently assessed. 1246 records were screened and thirteen studies were included into the systematic review. Eleven trials were eligible for meta-analysis. These trials assessed effects of OLPs on back pain, cancer-related fatigue, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic rhinitis, major depression, irritable bowel syndrome and menopausal hot flushes. Risk of bias was moderate among all studies. We found a significant overall effect (standardized mean difference = 0.72, 95% Cl 0.39–1.05, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 76%) of OLP. Thus, OLPs appear to be a promising treatment in different conditions but the respective research is in its infancy. More research is needed, especially with respect to different medical and mental disorders and instructions accompanying the OLP administration as well as the role of expectations and mindsets.Melina von WernsdorffMartin LoefBrunna Tuschen-CaffierStefan SchmidtNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Melina von Wernsdorff Martin Loef Brunna Tuschen-Caffier Stefan Schmidt Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
description	Abstract Open-label placebos (OLPs) are placebos without deception in the sense that patients know that they are receiving a placebo. The objective of our study is to systematically review and analyze the effect of OLPs in comparison to no treatment in clinical trials. A systematic literature search was carried out in February 2020. Randomized controlled trials of any medical condition or mental disorder comparing OLPs to no treatment were included. Data extraction and risk of bias rating were independently assessed. 1246 records were screened and thirteen studies were included into the systematic review. Eleven trials were eligible for meta-analysis. These trials assessed effects of OLPs on back pain, cancer-related fatigue, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic rhinitis, major depression, irritable bowel syndrome and menopausal hot flushes. Risk of bias was moderate among all studies. We found a significant overall effect (standardized mean difference = 0.72, 95% Cl 0.39–1.05, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 76%) of OLP. Thus, OLPs appear to be a promising treatment in different conditions but the respective research is in its infancy. More research is needed, especially with respect to different medical and mental disorders and instructions accompanying the OLP administration as well as the role of expectations and mindsets.
format	article
author	Melina von Wernsdorff Martin Loef Brunna Tuschen-Caffier Stefan Schmidt
author_facet	Melina von Wernsdorff Martin Loef Brunna Tuschen-Caffier Stefan Schmidt
author_sort	Melina von Wernsdorff
title	Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short	Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full	Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr	Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort	effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc7b321d49f943bf89c27a9f7c114ce4
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Effects of open-label placebos in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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