Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K

Background: Chlorzoxazone (CHZ) is a water-insoluble drug having bioavailability problems. The absorption rate of such drugs can be improved by reducing their particle size. In this work, the crystal growth kinetics of CHZ–ethanol for different degrees of supersaturation (SS) has been studied. Metho...

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Autores principales:	Satish G, Dhayananth N, Kalaichelvi Ponnusamy, Radhakrishnan T K, Karthika S
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2021
Materias:	chlorzoxazone batch crystallization crystal growth rate supersaturation crystal size distribution Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc823e89e3484d2bafcdebb87f95b56d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc823e89e3484d2bafcdebb87f95b56d2021-11-29T05:54:10ZDetermination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K2383-288610.34172/PS.2021.2https://doaj.org/article/fc823e89e3484d2bafcdebb87f95b56d2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ps.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/ps-27-575.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2383-2886Background: Chlorzoxazone (CHZ) is a water-insoluble drug having bioavailability problems. The absorption rate of such drugs can be improved by reducing their particle size. In this work, the crystal growth kinetics of CHZ–ethanol for different degrees of supersaturation (SS) has been studied. Methods: The equilibrium solubility data of CHZ in ethanol is determined by the shake-flask method within the 283.15–313.15 K temperature range. The mole fraction solubility of CHZ is calculated and correlated with the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, van’t Hoff equation, Wilson, and non-random two liquid (NRTL) equation. Batch crystallization experiments are performed on three different degrees of SS-1.16, 1.18, and 1.20 at 293.15 K as a function of time. Results: The maximum root mean square difference (RMSD) and relative average deviation(RAD) values of 169.24 x10-6 and 0.699 x10-2, respectively, are observed in the NRTL equation model. The dissolution properties such as standard enthalpy, standard entropy, and Gibbs free energy are predicted using van’t Hoff equation. Using a simple integral technique, the average crystal growth rate constant KG is calculated as 1.58 (μm/min) (mg/ml)-1 and the order n=1 for CHZ–ethanol at 293.15 K. Conclusion: The obtained result concludes that the crystal’s growth size is found to be varied at different SS ratio in batch crystallization. The particle size control in batch crystallization can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions to get the desired size crystals.Satish GDhayananth NKalaichelvi PonnusamyRadhakrishnan T KKarthika STabriz University of Medical Sciencesarticlechlorzoxazonebatch crystallizationcrystal growth ratesupersaturationcrystal size distributionPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 27, Iss 4, Pp 575-584 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chlorzoxazone batch crystallization crystal growth rate supersaturation crystal size distribution Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	chlorzoxazone batch crystallization crystal growth rate supersaturation crystal size distribution Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Satish G Dhayananth N Kalaichelvi Ponnusamy Radhakrishnan T K Karthika S Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
description	Background: Chlorzoxazone (CHZ) is a water-insoluble drug having bioavailability problems. The absorption rate of such drugs can be improved by reducing their particle size. In this work, the crystal growth kinetics of CHZ–ethanol for different degrees of supersaturation (SS) has been studied. Methods: The equilibrium solubility data of CHZ in ethanol is determined by the shake-flask method within the 283.15–313.15 K temperature range. The mole fraction solubility of CHZ is calculated and correlated with the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, van’t Hoff equation, Wilson, and non-random two liquid (NRTL) equation. Batch crystallization experiments are performed on three different degrees of SS-1.16, 1.18, and 1.20 at 293.15 K as a function of time. Results: The maximum root mean square difference (RMSD) and relative average deviation(RAD) values of 169.24 x10-6 and 0.699 x10-2, respectively, are observed in the NRTL equation model. The dissolution properties such as standard enthalpy, standard entropy, and Gibbs free energy are predicted using van’t Hoff equation. Using a simple integral technique, the average crystal growth rate constant KG is calculated as 1.58 (μm/min) (mg/ml)-1 and the order n=1 for CHZ–ethanol at 293.15 K. Conclusion: The obtained result concludes that the crystal’s growth size is found to be varied at different SS ratio in batch crystallization. The particle size control in batch crystallization can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions to get the desired size crystals.
format	article
author	Satish G Dhayananth N Kalaichelvi Ponnusamy Radhakrishnan T K Karthika S
author_facet	Satish G Dhayananth N Kalaichelvi Ponnusamy Radhakrishnan T K Karthika S
author_sort	Satish G
title	Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
title_short	Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
title_full	Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
title_fullStr	Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K
title_sort	determination of chlorzoxazone crystal growth kinetics and size distribution under controlled supersaturation at 293.15 k
publisher	Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc823e89e3484d2bafcdebb87f95b56d
work_keys_str_mv	AT satishg determinationofchlorzoxazonecrystalgrowthkineticsandsizedistributionundercontrolledsupersaturationat29315k AT dhayananthn determinationofchlorzoxazonecrystalgrowthkineticsandsizedistributionundercontrolledsupersaturationat29315k AT kalaichelviponnusamy determinationofchlorzoxazonecrystalgrowthkineticsandsizedistributionundercontrolledsupersaturationat29315k AT radhakrishnantk determinationofchlorzoxazonecrystalgrowthkineticsandsizedistributionundercontrolledsupersaturationat29315k AT karthikas determinationofchlorzoxazonecrystalgrowthkineticsandsizedistributionundercontrolledsupersaturationat29315k
_version_	1718407624804794368

Determination of Chlorzoxazone Crystal Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution under Controlled Supersaturation at 293.15 K

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