Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection

ABSTRACT Analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 infections could elucidate whether prior vaccination primes relevant immune responses. Here, we measured HIV-specific antibody responses in 14 South African volunteers who acquired HIV infection after participating in phase 1/2 trials of envelope-containing im...

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Autores principales:	Zanele Ditse, Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize, Michael Yin, Michael Keefer, David C. Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, Gavin Churchyard, Kenneth H. Mayer, Shelly Karuna, Cecilia Morgan, Linda-Gail Bekker, Koleka Mlisana, Glenda Gray, Zoe Moodie, Peter Gilbert, Penny L. Moore, Carolyn Williamson, Lynn Morris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	HIV vaccines HIV breakthrough infections HIV-specific binding antibodies broadly neutralizing antibodies DNA/MVA vaccines rAd5 Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fc8ac65232e642f1a485c27a89d9af6f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fc8ac65232e642f1a485c27a89d9af6f2021-11-15T15:27:52ZEffect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection10.1128/mSphere.00738-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/fc8ac65232e642f1a485c27a89d9af6f2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00738-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 infections could elucidate whether prior vaccination primes relevant immune responses. Here, we measured HIV-specific antibody responses in 14 South African volunteers who acquired HIV infection after participating in phase 1/2 trials of envelope-containing immunogens. Serum samples were collected annually following HIV-1 infection from participants in trials HVTN 073 (subtype C, DNA/MVA, phase 1 trial, n = 1), HVTN 086 (subtype C, DNA/MVA/gp140 protein, phase 1 trial, n = 2), and HVTN 204 (multisubtype, DNA/adenovirus serotype 5 [Ad5], phase 2 trial, n = 7) and 4 placebo recipients. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to Env proteins and peptides were determined pre- and post-HIV infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TZM-bl cell neutralization assay, respectively. HIV-infected South African individuals served as unvaccinated controls. Binding antibodies to gp41, V3, V2, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the CD4 binding site were detected from the first year of HIV-1 subtype C infection, and the levels were similar in vaccinated and placebo recipients. Neutralizing antibody responses against tier 1A viruses were detected in all participants, with the highest titers being to a subtype C virus, MW965.26. No responses were observed just prior to infection, indicating that vaccine-primed HIV-specific antibodies had waned. Sporadic neutralization activity against tier 2 isolates was observed after 2 to 3 years of HIV infection, but these responses were similar in the vaccinated and placebo groups as well as the unvaccinated controls. Our data suggest that prior vaccination with these immunogens did not alter the antibody responses to HIV-1 infection, nor did it accelerate the development of HIV neutralization breadth. IMPORTANCE There is a wealth of information on HIV-specific vaccine-induced immune responses among HIV-uninfected participants; however, data on immune responses among participants who acquire HIV after vaccination are limited. Here we show that HIV-specific binding antibody responses in individuals with breakthrough HIV infections were not affected by prior vaccination with HIV envelope-containing immunogens. We also found that these vectored vaccines did not prime tier 2 virus-neutralizing antibody responses, which are thought to be required for prevention against HIV acquisition, or accelerate the development of neutralization breadth. Although this study is limited, such studies can provide insights into whether vaccine-elicited antibody responses are boosted by HIV infection to acquire broader neutralizing activity, which may help to identify antigens relevant to the design of more effective vaccines.Zanele DitseNonhlanhla N. MkhizeMichael YinMichael KeeferDavid C. MontefioriGeorgia D. TomarasGavin ChurchyardKenneth H. MayerShelly KarunaCecilia MorganLinda-Gail BekkerKoleka MlisanaGlenda GrayZoe MoodiePeter GilbertPenny L. MooreCarolyn WilliamsonLynn MorrisAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleHIV vaccinesHIV breakthrough infectionsHIV-specific binding antibodiesbroadly neutralizing antibodiesDNA/MVA vaccinesrAd5MicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV vaccines HIV breakthrough infections HIV-specific binding antibodies broadly neutralizing antibodies DNA/MVA vaccines rAd5 Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	HIV vaccines HIV breakthrough infections HIV-specific binding antibodies broadly neutralizing antibodies DNA/MVA vaccines rAd5 Microbiology QR1-502 Zanele Ditse Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize Michael Yin Michael Keefer David C. Montefiori Georgia D. Tomaras Gavin Churchyard Kenneth H. Mayer Shelly Karuna Cecilia Morgan Linda-Gail Bekker Koleka Mlisana Glenda Gray Zoe Moodie Peter Gilbert Penny L. Moore Carolyn Williamson Lynn Morris Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
description	ABSTRACT Analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 infections could elucidate whether prior vaccination primes relevant immune responses. Here, we measured HIV-specific antibody responses in 14 South African volunteers who acquired HIV infection after participating in phase 1/2 trials of envelope-containing immunogens. Serum samples were collected annually following HIV-1 infection from participants in trials HVTN 073 (subtype C, DNA/MVA, phase 1 trial, n = 1), HVTN 086 (subtype C, DNA/MVA/gp140 protein, phase 1 trial, n = 2), and HVTN 204 (multisubtype, DNA/adenovirus serotype 5 [Ad5], phase 2 trial, n = 7) and 4 placebo recipients. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to Env proteins and peptides were determined pre- and post-HIV infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TZM-bl cell neutralization assay, respectively. HIV-infected South African individuals served as unvaccinated controls. Binding antibodies to gp41, V3, V2, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the CD4 binding site were detected from the first year of HIV-1 subtype C infection, and the levels were similar in vaccinated and placebo recipients. Neutralizing antibody responses against tier 1A viruses were detected in all participants, with the highest titers being to a subtype C virus, MW965.26. No responses were observed just prior to infection, indicating that vaccine-primed HIV-specific antibodies had waned. Sporadic neutralization activity against tier 2 isolates was observed after 2 to 3 years of HIV infection, but these responses were similar in the vaccinated and placebo groups as well as the unvaccinated controls. Our data suggest that prior vaccination with these immunogens did not alter the antibody responses to HIV-1 infection, nor did it accelerate the development of HIV neutralization breadth. IMPORTANCE There is a wealth of information on HIV-specific vaccine-induced immune responses among HIV-uninfected participants; however, data on immune responses among participants who acquire HIV after vaccination are limited. Here we show that HIV-specific binding antibody responses in individuals with breakthrough HIV infections were not affected by prior vaccination with HIV envelope-containing immunogens. We also found that these vectored vaccines did not prime tier 2 virus-neutralizing antibody responses, which are thought to be required for prevention against HIV acquisition, or accelerate the development of neutralization breadth. Although this study is limited, such studies can provide insights into whether vaccine-elicited antibody responses are boosted by HIV infection to acquire broader neutralizing activity, which may help to identify antigens relevant to the design of more effective vaccines.
format	article
author	Zanele Ditse Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize Michael Yin Michael Keefer David C. Montefiori Georgia D. Tomaras Gavin Churchyard Kenneth H. Mayer Shelly Karuna Cecilia Morgan Linda-Gail Bekker Koleka Mlisana Glenda Gray Zoe Moodie Peter Gilbert Penny L. Moore Carolyn Williamson Lynn Morris
author_facet	Zanele Ditse Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize Michael Yin Michael Keefer David C. Montefiori Georgia D. Tomaras Gavin Churchyard Kenneth H. Mayer Shelly Karuna Cecilia Morgan Linda-Gail Bekker Koleka Mlisana Glenda Gray Zoe Moodie Peter Gilbert Penny L. Moore Carolyn Williamson Lynn Morris
author_sort	Zanele Ditse
title	Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
title_short	Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
title_full	Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
title_fullStr	Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection
title_sort	effect of hiv envelope vaccination on the subsequent antibody response to hiv infection
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/fc8ac65232e642f1a485c27a89d9af6f
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Effect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV Infection

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