On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics

Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes are highly effective in the degradation of antibiotics in water and wastewater. The activation of sulfate radicals occurs with the use of biochar, a low-cost carbon material. In this work, the preparation of biochar from rice husk for the degradatio...

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Autores principales:	Efstathios Avramiotis, Zacharias Frontistis, Ioannis D. Manariotis, John Vakros, Dionissios Mantzavinos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	rice husk biochar sodium persulfate advanced oxidation processes wastewater Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fca3bf62b9b84553a4d1f2f010d63ce4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fca3bf62b9b84553a4d1f2f010d63ce42021-11-25T17:05:40ZOn the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics10.3390/catal111113032073-4344https://doaj.org/article/fca3bf62b9b84553a4d1f2f010d63ce42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1303https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes are highly effective in the degradation of antibiotics in water and wastewater. The activation of sulfate radicals occurs with the use of biochar, a low-cost carbon material. In this work, the preparation of biochar from rice husk for the degradation of various antibiotics was studied, and the biochar was compared with another biochar prepared at a different pyrolysis temperature. The biochar was prepared at 700 °C under limited O<sub>2</sub>. It had a high specific surface area of 231 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> with micropores, a point of zero charge equal to 7.4 and a high silica content. The effect of different operating conditions on the degradation of organic compounds was studied. Increases in biochar dosage and sodium persulfate concentration were found to be beneficial for the degradation. In contrast, an increase in antibiotic concentration, the complexity of the water matrix and the existence of radical scavengers all had a detrimental effect on the activity. The comparison of the results with those from a biochar prepared at a higher temperature (850 °C) revealed that the preparation conditions affect the performance. The biochar pyrolyzed at 700 °C exhibited different behavior from that prepared at 850 °C, demonstrating the importance of the preparation route. The studied reaction was surface-sensitive and followed radical and non-radical pathways. The adsorption of the organic contaminant also played a significant role. The carbon phase characteristics determined the dominant pathway, which was radical formation, in contrast with the biochar prepared at higher temperature, where the degradation followed mainly non-radical pathways.Efstathios AvramiotisZacharias FrontistisIoannis D. ManariotisJohn VakrosDionissios MantzavinosMDPI AGarticlerice huskbiocharsodium persulfateadvanced oxidation processeswastewaterChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1303, p 1303 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rice husk biochar sodium persulfate advanced oxidation processes wastewater Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	rice husk biochar sodium persulfate advanced oxidation processes wastewater Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
description	Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes are highly effective in the degradation of antibiotics in water and wastewater. The activation of sulfate radicals occurs with the use of biochar, a low-cost carbon material. In this work, the preparation of biochar from rice husk for the degradation of various antibiotics was studied, and the biochar was compared with another biochar prepared at a different pyrolysis temperature. The biochar was prepared at 700 °C under limited O<sub>2</sub>. It had a high specific surface area of 231 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> with micropores, a point of zero charge equal to 7.4 and a high silica content. The effect of different operating conditions on the degradation of organic compounds was studied. Increases in biochar dosage and sodium persulfate concentration were found to be beneficial for the degradation. In contrast, an increase in antibiotic concentration, the complexity of the water matrix and the existence of radical scavengers all had a detrimental effect on the activity. The comparison of the results with those from a biochar prepared at a higher temperature (850 °C) revealed that the preparation conditions affect the performance. The biochar pyrolyzed at 700 °C exhibited different behavior from that prepared at 850 °C, demonstrating the importance of the preparation route. The studied reaction was surface-sensitive and followed radical and non-radical pathways. The adsorption of the organic contaminant also played a significant role. The carbon phase characteristics determined the dominant pathway, which was radical formation, in contrast with the biochar prepared at higher temperature, where the degradation followed mainly non-radical pathways.
format	article
author	Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos
author_facet	Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos
author_sort	Efstathios Avramiotis
title	On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
title_short	On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
title_full	On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
title_fullStr	On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
title_full_unstemmed	On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics
title_sort	on the performance of a sustainable rice husk biochar for the activation of persulfate and the degradation of antibiotics
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fca3bf62b9b84553a4d1f2f010d63ce4
work_keys_str_mv	AT efstathiosavramiotis ontheperformanceofasustainablericehuskbiocharfortheactivationofpersulfateandthedegradationofantibiotics AT zachariasfrontistis ontheperformanceofasustainablericehuskbiocharfortheactivationofpersulfateandthedegradationofantibiotics AT ioannisdmanariotis ontheperformanceofasustainablericehuskbiocharfortheactivationofpersulfateandthedegradationofantibiotics AT johnvakros ontheperformanceofasustainablericehuskbiocharfortheactivationofpersulfateandthedegradationofantibiotics AT dionissiosmantzavinos ontheperformanceofasustainablericehuskbiocharfortheactivationofpersulfateandthedegradationofantibiotics
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On the Performance of a Sustainable Rice Husk Biochar for the Activation of Persulfate and the Degradation of Antibiotics

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