Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System

Lipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids...

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Autores principales:	Wei Zhang, Linyong Xu, Ling Zhu, Yifan Liu, Siwei Yang, Mingyi Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	lipid droplets immune cells atherosclerosis metabolism immunity Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fcc71101865045e68ec72d9365848860
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fcc71101865045e68ec72d93658488602021-12-03T07:20:38ZLipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.746749https://doaj.org/article/fcc71101865045e68ec72d93658488602021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.746749/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XLipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids stored in LDs can be degraded by lipolysis and lipophagocytosis, which are regulated by various proteins. The process of LD formation can be summarized in four steps. In addition to energy production, LDs play an extremely pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid toxicity, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, regulation of oxidative stress, and reprogramming of cell metabolism. Interestingly, LDs, the hub of integration between metabolism and the immune system, are involved in antitumor immunity, anti-infective immunity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and some metabolic immune diseases. Herein, we summarize the role of LDs in several major immune cells as elucidated in recent years, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, we analyze the role of the interaction between LDs and immune cells in two typical metabolic immune diseases: atherosclerosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Wei ZhangWei ZhangLinyong XuLing ZhuYifan LiuYifan LiuSiwei YangSiwei YangMingyi ZhaoFrontiers Media S.A.articlelipid dropletsimmune cellsatherosclerosismetabolismimmunityPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lipid droplets immune cells atherosclerosis metabolism immunity Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	lipid droplets immune cells atherosclerosis metabolism immunity Physiology QP1-981 Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Linyong Xu Ling Zhu Yifan Liu Yifan Liu Siwei Yang Siwei Yang Mingyi Zhao Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
description	Lipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids stored in LDs can be degraded by lipolysis and lipophagocytosis, which are regulated by various proteins. The process of LD formation can be summarized in four steps. In addition to energy production, LDs play an extremely pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid toxicity, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, regulation of oxidative stress, and reprogramming of cell metabolism. Interestingly, LDs, the hub of integration between metabolism and the immune system, are involved in antitumor immunity, anti-infective immunity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and some metabolic immune diseases. Herein, we summarize the role of LDs in several major immune cells as elucidated in recent years, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, we analyze the role of the interaction between LDs and immune cells in two typical metabolic immune diseases: atherosclerosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
format	article
author	Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Linyong Xu Ling Zhu Yifan Liu Yifan Liu Siwei Yang Siwei Yang Mingyi Zhao
author_facet	Wei Zhang Wei Zhang Linyong Xu Ling Zhu Yifan Liu Yifan Liu Siwei Yang Siwei Yang Mingyi Zhao
author_sort	Wei Zhang
title	Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
title_short	Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
title_full	Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
title_fullStr	Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
title_full_unstemmed	Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System
title_sort	lipid droplets, the central hub integrating cell metabolism and the immune system
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fcc71101865045e68ec72d9365848860
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Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System

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