A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy

X-ray free electron lasers, with their ultrashort highly coherent pulses, opened up the opportunity of probing ultrafast nano- and atomic-scale dynamics in amorphous and disordered material systems via speckle visibility spectroscopy. However, the anticipated count rate in a typical experiment is us...

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Autores principales:	Yanwen Sun, Vincent Esposito, Philip Adam Hart, Conny Hansson, Haoyuan Li, Kazutaka Nakahara, James Paton MacArthur, Silke Nelson, Takahiro Sato, Sanghoon Song, Peihao Sun, Paul Fuoss, Mark Sutton, Diling Zhu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	speckle visibility contrast Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fcc73409b9684d0c82f0d95d550136be
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fcc73409b9684d0c82f0d95d550136be2021-11-11T15:07:14ZA Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy10.3390/app1121100412076-3417https://doaj.org/article/fcc73409b9684d0c82f0d95d550136be2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10041https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417X-ray free electron lasers, with their ultrashort highly coherent pulses, opened up the opportunity of probing ultrafast nano- and atomic-scale dynamics in amorphous and disordered material systems via speckle visibility spectroscopy. However, the anticipated count rate in a typical experiment is usually low. Therefore, visibility needs to be extracted via photon statistics analysis, i.e., by estimating the probabilities of multiple photons per pixel events using pixelated detectors. Considering the realistic X-ray detector responses including charge cloud sharing between pixels, pixel readout noise, and gain non-uniformity, speckle visibility extraction relying on photon assignment algorithms are often computationally demanding and suffer from systematic errors. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the commonly-used algorithms by applying them to an experimental data set containing small-angle coherent scattering with visibility levels ranging from below 1% to ∼60%. We also propose a contrast calibration protocol and show that a computationally lightweight algorithm can be implemented for high-speed correlation evaluation.Yanwen SunVincent EspositoPhilip Adam HartConny HanssonHaoyuan LiKazutaka NakaharaJames Paton MacArthurSilke NelsonTakahiro SatoSanghoon SongPeihao SunPaul FuossMark SuttonDiling ZhuMDPI AGarticlespecklevisibilitycontrastTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10041, p 10041 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	speckle visibility contrast Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	speckle visibility contrast Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Yanwen Sun Vincent Esposito Philip Adam Hart Conny Hansson Haoyuan Li Kazutaka Nakahara James Paton MacArthur Silke Nelson Takahiro Sato Sanghoon Song Peihao Sun Paul Fuoss Mark Sutton Diling Zhu A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
description	X-ray free electron lasers, with their ultrashort highly coherent pulses, opened up the opportunity of probing ultrafast nano- and atomic-scale dynamics in amorphous and disordered material systems via speckle visibility spectroscopy. However, the anticipated count rate in a typical experiment is usually low. Therefore, visibility needs to be extracted via photon statistics analysis, i.e., by estimating the probabilities of multiple photons per pixel events using pixelated detectors. Considering the realistic X-ray detector responses including charge cloud sharing between pixels, pixel readout noise, and gain non-uniformity, speckle visibility extraction relying on photon assignment algorithms are often computationally demanding and suffer from systematic errors. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the commonly-used algorithms by applying them to an experimental data set containing small-angle coherent scattering with visibility levels ranging from below 1% to ∼60%. We also propose a contrast calibration protocol and show that a computationally lightweight algorithm can be implemented for high-speed correlation evaluation.
format	article
author	Yanwen Sun Vincent Esposito Philip Adam Hart Conny Hansson Haoyuan Li Kazutaka Nakahara James Paton MacArthur Silke Nelson Takahiro Sato Sanghoon Song Peihao Sun Paul Fuoss Mark Sutton Diling Zhu
author_facet	Yanwen Sun Vincent Esposito Philip Adam Hart Conny Hansson Haoyuan Li Kazutaka Nakahara James Paton MacArthur Silke Nelson Takahiro Sato Sanghoon Song Peihao Sun Paul Fuoss Mark Sutton Diling Zhu
author_sort	Yanwen Sun
title	A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
title_short	A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
title_full	A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
title_fullStr	A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed	A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy
title_sort	contrast calibration protocol for x-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fcc73409b9684d0c82f0d95d550136be
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A Contrast Calibration Protocol for X-ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy

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