Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches

<h4>Background</h4> The coexistence of undernutrition and obesity is an emerging problem for developing countries like Bangladesh. Anemia is another critical public health threat, prevalent predominantly among women and children. Undernutrition is linked with a higher risk of anemia, and...

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Autor principal:	Md Kamruzzaman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fcd6f9d6da5d4cf29bd8ec43cb6cadaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fcd6f9d6da5d4cf29bd8ec43cb6cadaf2021-11-04T06:49:35ZIs BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/fcd6f9d6da5d4cf29bd8ec43cb6cadaf2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8553127/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4> The coexistence of undernutrition and obesity is an emerging problem for developing countries like Bangladesh. Anemia is another critical public health threat, prevalent predominantly among women and children. Undernutrition is linked with a higher risk of anemia, and lower dietary iron intake might be the possible reason. However, the risk of anemia among obese/overweight individuals is controversial. The study explores the relation of BMI with anemia and blood hemoglobin level among women and children in Bangladesh. <h4>Methods</h4> Multiple statistical approaches were employed to nationally representative secondary data (BDHS 2011) on women (n = 5680) age 15–49 years and children (n = 2373) age 6–59 months to illuminate the relation between BMI and anemia. BMI was categorized according to the WHO recommended BMI category for Asian people. Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean hemoglobin level. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, Two-way ANOVA, binary, ordinal, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression were used to study the association of BMI with anemia and hemoglobin level. <h4>Results</h4> Chi-square test reveals significant association, though not intense, among BMI and anemia categories of women (15–49 years) (χ2 ≥99, p<2.2e-16 and Cramér’s V = 0.0799–0.1357). From ANOVA analysis, a significant difference in blood hemoglobin level was found among women (total sample and nonpregnant) with different BMI categories (p≤0.05). Binary (Severely Underweight: OR 1.2680, 95% CI 0.755–2.161; Obese: OR 0.4038, 95% CI 0.120–1.177), Ordinal logistic regression (Severely Underweight: OR 1.337, 95% CI 0.842–2.115; Obese: OR 0.504, 95% CI 0.153–1.411) and restricted cubic spline regression (Severely Underweight: OR >1.5; Obese: OR ~0.5) reveal that the risk of anemia was higher among underweight and lower among obese/overweight women compared to normal women. Lower anemia risk among richest women indicates probable higher dietary iron intake among obese/overweight women. <h4>Conclusion</h4> In the current study, women with overweight/obesity from Bangladesh were shown to have lower likelihood of being anemic, while underweight women more likely to be anemic. However, no relation between BMI and anemia was found among children.Md KamruzzamanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Md Kamruzzaman Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
description	<h4>Background</h4> The coexistence of undernutrition and obesity is an emerging problem for developing countries like Bangladesh. Anemia is another critical public health threat, prevalent predominantly among women and children. Undernutrition is linked with a higher risk of anemia, and lower dietary iron intake might be the possible reason. However, the risk of anemia among obese/overweight individuals is controversial. The study explores the relation of BMI with anemia and blood hemoglobin level among women and children in Bangladesh. <h4>Methods</h4> Multiple statistical approaches were employed to nationally representative secondary data (BDHS 2011) on women (n = 5680) age 15–49 years and children (n = 2373) age 6–59 months to illuminate the relation between BMI and anemia. BMI was categorized according to the WHO recommended BMI category for Asian people. Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean hemoglobin level. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, Two-way ANOVA, binary, ordinal, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression were used to study the association of BMI with anemia and hemoglobin level. <h4>Results</h4> Chi-square test reveals significant association, though not intense, among BMI and anemia categories of women (15–49 years) (χ2 ≥99, p<2.2e-16 and Cramér’s V = 0.0799–0.1357). From ANOVA analysis, a significant difference in blood hemoglobin level was found among women (total sample and nonpregnant) with different BMI categories (p≤0.05). Binary (Severely Underweight: OR 1.2680, 95% CI 0.755–2.161; Obese: OR 0.4038, 95% CI 0.120–1.177), Ordinal logistic regression (Severely Underweight: OR 1.337, 95% CI 0.842–2.115; Obese: OR 0.504, 95% CI 0.153–1.411) and restricted cubic spline regression (Severely Underweight: OR >1.5; Obese: OR ~0.5) reveal that the risk of anemia was higher among underweight and lower among obese/overweight women compared to normal women. Lower anemia risk among richest women indicates probable higher dietary iron intake among obese/overweight women. <h4>Conclusion</h4> In the current study, women with overweight/obesity from Bangladesh were shown to have lower likelihood of being anemic, while underweight women more likely to be anemic. However, no relation between BMI and anemia was found among children.
format	article
author	Md Kamruzzaman
author_facet	Md Kamruzzaman
author_sort	Md Kamruzzaman
title	Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
title_short	Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
title_full	Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
title_fullStr	Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
title_full_unstemmed	Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches
title_sort	is bmi associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in bangladesh: a study with multiple statistical approaches
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fcd6f9d6da5d4cf29bd8ec43cb6cadaf
work_keys_str_mv	AT mdkamruzzaman isbmiassociatedwithanemiaandhemoglobinlevelofwomenandchildreninbangladeshastudywithmultiplestatisticalapproaches
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Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches

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