Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of canna...

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Autores principales:	Aliyah Allick, Grace Park, Kwon Kim, Michelle Vintimilla, Krutika Rathod, Rachael Lebo, Julie Nanavati, Christopher J. Hammond
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	adolescence cannabis use and dependence development age brain structural alterations voxel-based morphometry Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fce3599d3b6346e9bbbb218a9804683a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fce3599d3b6346e9bbbb218a9804683a2021-12-01T21:59:32ZAge- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.745193https://doaj.org/article/fce3599d3b6346e9bbbb218a9804683a2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745193/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth.Results: Our search identified 1,326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU [mean (SD) age = 16.68 (1.28); 71% male] and 404 TD [mean (SD) age = 16.77 (1.36); 63% male] youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.Aliyah AllickAliyah AllickGrace ParkGrace ParkKwon KimKwon KimMichelle VintimillaMichelle VintimillaKrutika RathodKrutika RathodRachael LeboRachael LeboJulie NanavatiChristopher J. HammondChristopher J. HammondChristopher J. HammondFrontiers Media S.A.articleadolescencecannabis use and dependencedevelopmentagebrain structural alterationsvoxel-based morphometryPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adolescence cannabis use and dependence development age brain structural alterations voxel-based morphometry Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	adolescence cannabis use and dependence development age brain structural alterations voxel-based morphometry Psychiatry RC435-571 Aliyah Allick Aliyah Allick Grace Park Grace Park Kwon Kim Kwon Kim Michelle Vintimilla Michelle Vintimilla Krutika Rathod Krutika Rathod Rachael Lebo Rachael Lebo Julie Nanavati Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
description	Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth.Results: Our search identified 1,326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU [mean (SD) age = 16.68 (1.28); 71% male] and 404 TD [mean (SD) age = 16.77 (1.36); 63% male] youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.
format	article
author	Aliyah Allick Aliyah Allick Grace Park Grace Park Kwon Kim Kwon Kim Michelle Vintimilla Michelle Vintimilla Krutika Rathod Krutika Rathod Rachael Lebo Rachael Lebo Julie Nanavati Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond
author_facet	Aliyah Allick Aliyah Allick Grace Park Grace Park Kwon Kim Kwon Kim Michelle Vintimilla Michelle Vintimilla Krutika Rathod Krutika Rathod Rachael Lebo Rachael Lebo Julie Nanavati Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond Christopher J. Hammond
author_sort	Aliyah Allick
title	Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
title_short	Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
title_full	Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
title_fullStr	Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
title_full_unstemmed	Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies
title_sort	age- and sex-related cortical gray matter volume differences in adolescent cannabis users: a systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fce3599d3b6346e9bbbb218a9804683a
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Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

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