Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.

Biological systems exhibit two structural features on many levels of organization: sparseness, in which only a small fraction of possible interactions between components actually occur; and modularity--the near decomposability of the system into modules with distinct functionality. Recent work sugge...

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Autores principales:	Tamar Friedlander, Avraham E Mayo, Tsvi Tlusty, Uri Alon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fcf6b25a9c9e4f6e88a42192f582625a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fcf6b25a9c9e4f6e88a42192f582625a2021-11-18T09:01:00ZMutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070444https://doaj.org/article/fcf6b25a9c9e4f6e88a42192f582625a2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23936433/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Biological systems exhibit two structural features on many levels of organization: sparseness, in which only a small fraction of possible interactions between components actually occur; and modularity--the near decomposability of the system into modules with distinct functionality. Recent work suggests that modularity can evolve in a variety of circumstances, including goals that vary in time such that they share the same subgoals (modularly varying goals), or when connections are costly. Here, we studied the origin of modularity and sparseness focusing on the nature of the mutation process, rather than on connection cost or variations in the goal. We use simulations of evolution with different mutation rules. We found that commonly used sum-rule mutations, in which interactions are mutated by adding random numbers, do not lead to modularity or sparseness except for in special situations. In contrast, product-rule mutations in which interactions are mutated by multiplying by random numbers--a better model for the effects of biological mutations--led to sparseness naturally. When the goals of evolution are modular, in the sense that specific groups of inputs affect specific groups of outputs, product-rule mutations also lead to modular structure; sum-rule mutations do not. Product-rule mutations generate sparseness and modularity because they tend to reduce interactions, and to keep small interaction terms small.Tamar FriedlanderAvraham E MayoTsvi TlustyUri AlonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e70444 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tamar Friedlander Avraham E Mayo Tsvi Tlusty Uri Alon Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
description	Biological systems exhibit two structural features on many levels of organization: sparseness, in which only a small fraction of possible interactions between components actually occur; and modularity--the near decomposability of the system into modules with distinct functionality. Recent work suggests that modularity can evolve in a variety of circumstances, including goals that vary in time such that they share the same subgoals (modularly varying goals), or when connections are costly. Here, we studied the origin of modularity and sparseness focusing on the nature of the mutation process, rather than on connection cost or variations in the goal. We use simulations of evolution with different mutation rules. We found that commonly used sum-rule mutations, in which interactions are mutated by adding random numbers, do not lead to modularity or sparseness except for in special situations. In contrast, product-rule mutations in which interactions are mutated by multiplying by random numbers--a better model for the effects of biological mutations--led to sparseness naturally. When the goals of evolution are modular, in the sense that specific groups of inputs affect specific groups of outputs, product-rule mutations also lead to modular structure; sum-rule mutations do not. Product-rule mutations generate sparseness and modularity because they tend to reduce interactions, and to keep small interaction terms small.
format	article
author	Tamar Friedlander Avraham E Mayo Tsvi Tlusty Uri Alon
author_facet	Tamar Friedlander Avraham E Mayo Tsvi Tlusty Uri Alon
author_sort	Tamar Friedlander
title	Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
title_short	Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
title_full	Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
title_fullStr	Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
title_full_unstemmed	Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
title_sort	mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/fcf6b25a9c9e4f6e88a42192f582625a
work_keys_str_mv	AT tamarfriedlander mutationrulesandtheevolutionofsparsenessandmodularityinbiologicalsystems AT avrahamemayo mutationrulesandtheevolutionofsparsenessandmodularityinbiologicalsystems AT tsvitlusty mutationrulesandtheevolutionofsparsenessandmodularityinbiologicalsystems AT urialon mutationrulesandtheevolutionofsparsenessandmodularityinbiologicalsystems
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Mutation rules and the evolution of sparseness and modularity in biological systems.

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