Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009.
<h4>Background</h4>During the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability.<h4>Methods</h4>Two school outbreaks...
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2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:fd2434d825ff4d08986fa5bd13283d9a2021-11-18T07:04:11ZEpidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0045898https://doaj.org/article/fd2434d825ff4d08986fa5bd13283d9a2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23029300/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>During the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability.<h4>Methods</h4>Two school outbreaks were investigated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect information by interview. Throat samples were collected from all the subjects in this study 6 times and sero samples 3 times to confirm the infection and to determine viral shedding. Data analysis was performed using the software STATA 9.0.<h4>Findings</h4>The attack rate of the pH1N1 outbreak was 58.3% for the primary school, and 52.9% for the middle school. The asymptomatic infection rates of the two schools were 35.8% and 37.6% respectively. Peak virus shedding occurred on the day of ARI symptoms onset, followed by a steady decrease over subsequent days (p = 0.026). No difference was found either in viral shedding or HI titer between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic infectious groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>School children were found to be at a high risk of infection by the novel virus. This may be because of a heightened risk of transmission owing to increased mixing at boarding school, or a lack of immunity owing to socio-economic status. We conclude that asymptomatically infectious cases may play an important role in transmission of the pH1N1 virus.Lei YanYan GaoYong ZhangMichael TildesleyLiqi LiuYe ZhangLeying WenWei WangXiaodan LiYing HuTian BaiMin WangYuhong ZengDingming WangXianjun WangYu LanShiwen WangYuelong ShuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e45898 (2012) |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Lei Yan Yan Gao Yong Zhang Michael Tildesley Liqi Liu Ye Zhang Leying Wen Wei Wang Xiaodan Li Ying Hu Tian Bai Min Wang Yuhong Zeng Dingming Wang Xianjun Wang Yu Lan Shiwen Wang Yuelong Shu Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>During the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability.<h4>Methods</h4>Two school outbreaks were investigated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect information by interview. Throat samples were collected from all the subjects in this study 6 times and sero samples 3 times to confirm the infection and to determine viral shedding. Data analysis was performed using the software STATA 9.0.<h4>Findings</h4>The attack rate of the pH1N1 outbreak was 58.3% for the primary school, and 52.9% for the middle school. The asymptomatic infection rates of the two schools were 35.8% and 37.6% respectively. Peak virus shedding occurred on the day of ARI symptoms onset, followed by a steady decrease over subsequent days (p = 0.026). No difference was found either in viral shedding or HI titer between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic infectious groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>School children were found to be at a high risk of infection by the novel virus. This may be because of a heightened risk of transmission owing to increased mixing at boarding school, or a lack of immunity owing to socio-economic status. We conclude that asymptomatically infectious cases may play an important role in transmission of the pH1N1 virus. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Lei Yan Yan Gao Yong Zhang Michael Tildesley Liqi Liu Ye Zhang Leying Wen Wei Wang Xiaodan Li Ying Hu Tian Bai Min Wang Yuhong Zeng Dingming Wang Xianjun Wang Yu Lan Shiwen Wang Yuelong Shu |
| author_facet |
Lei Yan Yan Gao Yong Zhang Michael Tildesley Liqi Liu Ye Zhang Leying Wen Wei Wang Xiaodan Li Ying Hu Tian Bai Min Wang Yuhong Zeng Dingming Wang Xianjun Wang Yu Lan Shiwen Wang Yuelong Shu |
| author_sort |
Lei Yan |
| title |
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| title_short |
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| title_full |
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| title_fullStr |
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009. |
| title_sort |
epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) school outbreaks in china in 2009. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/fd2434d825ff4d08986fa5bd13283d9a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
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