A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog

Abstract The domestic dog is interesting to investigate because of the wide range of body size, body mass, and physique in the many breeds. In the last several years, the number of clinical and biomechanical studies on dog locomotion has increased. However, the relationship between body structure an...

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Autores principales:	Heiko Stark, Martin S. Fischer, Alexander Hunt, Fletcher Young, Roger Quinn, Emanuel Andrada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fd55e14dbb8f4e09a3850e9a7382ecc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fd55e14dbb8f4e09a3850e9a7382ecc42021-12-02T17:50:49ZA three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog10.1038/s41598-021-90058-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fd55e14dbb8f4e09a3850e9a7382ecc42021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90058-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The domestic dog is interesting to investigate because of the wide range of body size, body mass, and physique in the many breeds. In the last several years, the number of clinical and biomechanical studies on dog locomotion has increased. However, the relationship between body structure and joint load during locomotion, as well as between joint load and degenerative diseases of the locomotor system (e.g. dysplasia), are not sufficiently understood. Collecting this data through in vivo measurements/records of joint forces and loads on deep/small muscles is complex, invasive, and sometimes unethical. The use of detailed musculoskeletal models may help fill the knowledge gap. We describe here the methods we used to create a detailed musculoskeletal model with 84 degrees of freedom and 134 muscles. Our model has three key-features: three-dimensionality, scalability, and modularity. We tested the validity of the model by identifying forelimb muscle synergies of a walking Beagle. We used inverse dynamics and static optimization to estimate muscle activations based on experimental data. We identified three muscle synergy groups by using hierarchical clustering. The activation patterns predicted from the model exhibit good agreement with experimental data for most of the forelimb muscles. We expect that our model will speed up the analysis of how body size, physique, agility, and disease influence neuronal control and joint loading in dog locomotion.Heiko StarkMartin S. FischerAlexander HuntFletcher YoungRoger QuinnEmanuel AndradaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Heiko Stark Martin S. Fischer Alexander Hunt Fletcher Young Roger Quinn Emanuel Andrada A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
description	Abstract The domestic dog is interesting to investigate because of the wide range of body size, body mass, and physique in the many breeds. In the last several years, the number of clinical and biomechanical studies on dog locomotion has increased. However, the relationship between body structure and joint load during locomotion, as well as between joint load and degenerative diseases of the locomotor system (e.g. dysplasia), are not sufficiently understood. Collecting this data through in vivo measurements/records of joint forces and loads on deep/small muscles is complex, invasive, and sometimes unethical. The use of detailed musculoskeletal models may help fill the knowledge gap. We describe here the methods we used to create a detailed musculoskeletal model with 84 degrees of freedom and 134 muscles. Our model has three key-features: three-dimensionality, scalability, and modularity. We tested the validity of the model by identifying forelimb muscle synergies of a walking Beagle. We used inverse dynamics and static optimization to estimate muscle activations based on experimental data. We identified three muscle synergy groups by using hierarchical clustering. The activation patterns predicted from the model exhibit good agreement with experimental data for most of the forelimb muscles. We expect that our model will speed up the analysis of how body size, physique, agility, and disease influence neuronal control and joint loading in dog locomotion.
format	article
author	Heiko Stark Martin S. Fischer Alexander Hunt Fletcher Young Roger Quinn Emanuel Andrada
author_facet	Heiko Stark Martin S. Fischer Alexander Hunt Fletcher Young Roger Quinn Emanuel Andrada
author_sort	Heiko Stark
title	A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
title_short	A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
title_full	A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
title_fullStr	A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
title_full_unstemmed	A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
title_sort	three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fd55e14dbb8f4e09a3850e9a7382ecc4
work_keys_str_mv	AT heikostark athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT martinsfischer athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT alexanderhunt athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT fletcheryoung athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT rogerquinn athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT emanuelandrada athreedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT heikostark threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT martinsfischer threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT alexanderhunt threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT fletcheryoung threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT rogerquinn threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog AT emanuelandrada threedimensionalmusculoskeletalmodelofthedog
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A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog

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