Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.

Sustainable wildlife harvest is challenging due to the complexity of uncertain social-ecological systems, and diverse stakeholder perspectives of sustainability. In these systems, semi-complex stochastic simulation models can provide heuristics that bridge the gap between highly simplified theoretic...

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Autores principales:	Elizabeth A Law, John D C Linnell, Bram van Moorter, Erlend B Nilsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fd97e2e9a67a49588f111a6db2712fe7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fd97e2e9a67a49588f111a6db2712fe72021-12-02T20:12:39ZHeuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0260159https://doaj.org/article/fd97e2e9a67a49588f111a6db2712fe72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260159https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Sustainable wildlife harvest is challenging due to the complexity of uncertain social-ecological systems, and diverse stakeholder perspectives of sustainability. In these systems, semi-complex stochastic simulation models can provide heuristics that bridge the gap between highly simplified theoretical models and highly context-specific case-studies. Such heuristics allow for more nuanced recommendations in low-knowledge contexts, and an improved understanding of model sensitivity and transferability to novel contexts. We develop semi-complex Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) models capturing dynamics and variability in ecological processes, monitoring, decision-making, and harvest implementation, under a diverse range of contexts. Results reveal the fundamental challenges of achieving sustainability in wildlife harvest. Environmental contexts were important in determining optimal harvest parameters, but overall, evaluation contexts more strongly influenced perceived outcomes, optimal harvest parameters and optimal harvest strategies. Importantly, simple composite metrics popular in the theoretical literature (e.g. focusing on maximizing yield and population persistence only) often diverged from more holistic composite metrics that include a wider range of population and harvest objectives, and better reflect the trade-offs in real world applied contexts. While adaptive harvest strategies were most frequently preferred, particularly for more complex environmental contexts (e.g. high uncertainty or variability), our simulations map out cases where these heuristics may not hold. Despite not always being the optimal solution, overall adaptive harvest strategies resulted in the least value forgone, and are likely to give the best outcomes under future climatic variability and uncertainty. This demonstrates the potential value of heuristics for guiding applied management.Elizabeth A LawJohn D C LinnellBram van MoorterErlend B NilsenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0260159 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elizabeth A Law John D C Linnell Bram van Moorter Erlend B Nilsen Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
description	Sustainable wildlife harvest is challenging due to the complexity of uncertain social-ecological systems, and diverse stakeholder perspectives of sustainability. In these systems, semi-complex stochastic simulation models can provide heuristics that bridge the gap between highly simplified theoretical models and highly context-specific case-studies. Such heuristics allow for more nuanced recommendations in low-knowledge contexts, and an improved understanding of model sensitivity and transferability to novel contexts. We develop semi-complex Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) models capturing dynamics and variability in ecological processes, monitoring, decision-making, and harvest implementation, under a diverse range of contexts. Results reveal the fundamental challenges of achieving sustainability in wildlife harvest. Environmental contexts were important in determining optimal harvest parameters, but overall, evaluation contexts more strongly influenced perceived outcomes, optimal harvest parameters and optimal harvest strategies. Importantly, simple composite metrics popular in the theoretical literature (e.g. focusing on maximizing yield and population persistence only) often diverged from more holistic composite metrics that include a wider range of population and harvest objectives, and better reflect the trade-offs in real world applied contexts. While adaptive harvest strategies were most frequently preferred, particularly for more complex environmental contexts (e.g. high uncertainty or variability), our simulations map out cases where these heuristics may not hold. Despite not always being the optimal solution, overall adaptive harvest strategies resulted in the least value forgone, and are likely to give the best outcomes under future climatic variability and uncertainty. This demonstrates the potential value of heuristics for guiding applied management.
format	article
author	Elizabeth A Law John D C Linnell Bram van Moorter Erlend B Nilsen
author_facet	Elizabeth A Law John D C Linnell Bram van Moorter Erlend B Nilsen
author_sort	Elizabeth A Law
title	Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
title_short	Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
title_full	Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
title_fullStr	Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
title_full_unstemmed	Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
title_sort	heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fd97e2e9a67a49588f111a6db2712fe7
work_keys_str_mv	AT elizabethalaw heuristicsforthesustainableharvestofwildlifeinstochasticsocialecologicalsystems AT johndclinnell heuristicsforthesustainableharvestofwildlifeinstochasticsocialecologicalsystems AT bramvanmoorter heuristicsforthesustainableharvestofwildlifeinstochasticsocialecologicalsystems AT erlendbnilsen heuristicsforthesustainableharvestofwildlifeinstochasticsocialecologicalsystems
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Heuristics for the sustainable harvest of wildlife in stochastic social-ecological systems.

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